本文選題：涼傘豬　切入點：遺傳資源　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：涼傘豬是湖南省黔邵花豬的一個類群,屬肉脂兼用型豬種,體型中等偏小,體質(zhì)較結(jié)實,軀體結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱,其特點是耐粗飼,耐寒暑,抗逆性強。繁殖性能較好,產(chǎn)仔數(shù)高。由于相比商品豬生長速度較慢,瘦肉率和養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)濟效益不高,加上對其品種資源保護力度不夠,從而導(dǎo)致純種涼傘豬數(shù)量急劇下降,面臨資源丟失的危險。因此,應(yīng)當采取必要資源保護措施,以防止資源丟失,保護好涼傘豬遺傳資源并開發(fā)利用好這一資源顯得尤為重要。 通過大量的文獻檢索、深入鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)走訪、多層面的座談討論,對涼傘豬品種資源狀況、品種資源開發(fā)及利用進行調(diào)查研究,得出涼傘豬可作為優(yōu)秀的畜種資源,是新晃發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè),實現(xiàn)農(nóng)民增收的重要遺傳資源的結(jié)果,根據(jù)研究結(jié)果對保護及開發(fā)利用工作開展中出現(xiàn)的問題,提出相應(yīng)對策及措施。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明： 1、涼傘豬是優(yōu)良地方品種資源。涼傘豬耐粗飼,耐寒暑,適應(yīng)力強,繁殖性能較好,產(chǎn)仔數(shù)高,窩均產(chǎn)仔12.6頭；雜交配合力好,雜種優(yōu)勢明顯,雜交后代生長速度較純種快,且肉質(zhì)優(yōu)良,口感鮮美。但是涼傘豬總體數(shù)量在減少,要保護好這一優(yōu)良地方豬種,必須加強其遺傳資源保護,并深入開展開發(fā)利用,在保護過程中合理開發(fā)利用資源,在開發(fā)利用過程中保護品種資源。 2、涼傘豬保種工作中存在的主要問題。涼傘豬產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱,規(guī)模化、集約化養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展相對滯后；資源保護認識上存在問題,缺乏品種登記管理,缺乏保護及開發(fā)利用長遠規(guī)劃,未能正確處理好保種與利用的關(guān)系；資金投入不足、科技投入不夠?qū)е路N群數(shù)量下降,影響保種工作的進展。 3、涼傘豬種質(zhì)資源保護及開發(fā)利用的對策和措施。建立涼傘豬原種繁育基地,確保保種經(jīng)費與任務(wù)的落實；引進國內(nèi)外優(yōu)良品種對涼傘豬進行改良,通過雜交、純繁固定、選育提高等環(huán)節(jié),提高涼傘豬的生產(chǎn)性能,從而培育出新的優(yōu)良品種;利用涼傘豬開展經(jīng)濟雜交,篩選出理想的雜交組合；加強涼傘豬的品種資源調(diào)查和鑒定工作促進對涼傘豬的認識和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護；加強涼傘豬的開發(fā)利用來促進保種工作。
[Abstract]:Liangyuan pig is a group of Guizhou Shaoxuhua pigs in Hunan province. It is a kind of pig with both meat and fat. It is of medium size, strong physique and well-proportioned body structure. It is characterized by tolerance to coarse feeding, cold and heat, strong resistance to stress, and good reproductive performance. The litter size is high. Compared with commercial pigs, the growth rate is slower, the lean meat rate and the economic benefit of breeding are not high, and the protection of the breed resources is not enough, which results in a sharp decline in the number of purebred colder pigs and the risk of resource loss. It is very important to take necessary measures to protect resources to prevent the loss of resources and to protect the genetic resources and develop and utilize the resources. Through a large number of literature searches, in-depth town visits, multi-level discussions, investigation and research on the status of breed resources, the development and utilization of breeding resources, it is concluded that Liangyuan pig can be used as an excellent animal resource. It is the result of Xinhuang developing characteristic agriculture and realizing the increase of farmers' income. According to the research results, the corresponding countermeasures and measures are put forward according to the problems in the work of protection, exploitation and utilization. The investigation results show that:. 1. Liangyuan pig is an excellent local variety resource. Liangyuan pig is tolerant to coarse feeding, cold and heat, strong adaptability, good reproductive performance, high litter size and average litter size of 12.6 piglets, good hybrid combining ability, obvious heterosis, and faster growth rate of hybrid progenies than pure breeds. The quality of meat is good and the taste is delicious. However, the total number of cool umbrella pigs is decreasing. In order to protect this fine local pig breed, we must strengthen the protection of its genetic resources, and further develop and utilize the resources in order to develop and utilize the resources reasonably in the course of conservation. Protect variety resources in the process of development and utilization. 2, the main problems existing in the conservation of Liangyuan pig. The construction foundation of Liangyuan pig industry is weak, the development of intensive breeding industry is relatively lagging behind, the problem of resource protection and understanding, and the lack of variety registration management, Lack of long-term planning for protection, development and utilization, failure to properly handle the relationship between species conservation and utilization, insufficient investment in funds and insufficient investment in science and technology lead to a decline in the number of species, which affects the progress of conservation work. 3. Countermeasures and measures to protect and develop the germplasm resources of Liangyuan pig. To establish breeding base of Liangyunan pig original breed, to ensure the implementation of fund and task of preservation, to introduce domestic and foreign fine varieties to improve Liangyuan pig, and to improve the breeding of Liangyuan pig by crossing and immobilization. In order to improve the production performance of Liangyuan pig, a new and excellent variety was developed, and the economic hybrid was carried out by using Liangyuan pig, and the ideal cross combination was screened out. To strengthen the investigation and identification of the breed resources of Liangyuan pig, to promote the understanding and intellectual property protection of the Langyuan pig, and to strengthen the development and utilization of the Langyuan pig to promote the conservation work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S828

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