從公募到非公募：徐永光與他的慈善公益之路
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-28 16:40
【摘要】：建國以來,特別是改革開放三十多年來,當代慈善公益事業(yè)雖歷經坎坷曲折,但仍破浪前行。一方面,思想認識上的誤解與偏見、制度上的阻礙與制約、慈善意識的薄弱和慈善法律的缺失、慈善不良事件的頻發(fā)和公信力的滑坡等困繞著慈善公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展。另一方面,2008年“全民慈善”開啟,2011年“微公益”勃興,慈善公益事業(yè)迎來了發(fā)展的春天,現已進入轉型發(fā)展的重要時期:慈善法律制度正在不斷健全和完善,基金會準入門檻降低;慈善體制改革被更多人關注,改革的頂層設計也蓄勢待發(fā);慈善公益行業(yè)自律性和規(guī)范性增強,優(yōu)勝劣汰、平等競爭、透明公開的趨勢已不可阻擋,現代管理體系建設愈顯緊迫;公眾的慈善意識不斷增強,參與慈善、奉獻愛心的意愿日益增加,而現代科學信息技術的發(fā)展使公眾全方位監(jiān)督成為現實;打造慈善公益事業(yè)升級版成為歷史和時代的雙重使命。徐永光是共和國的同齡人,作為當代中國慈善公益事業(yè)發(fā)展道路上一位極具代表性的人物,他不僅富有慈善眼光,更有煌煌慈善業(yè)績。他生長在一個“人人談慈善色變”的敏感時代,政府排斥慈善,民眾敵視慈善,社會不容慈善,而他卻以敏銳的眼光發(fā)現,慈善必將大興。貧困的出身、堅強的意志、愛心的積淀以及貧困兒童那渴望的目光,最終促使他辭官從善,在慈善領域開創(chuàng)了人生全新的歷史篇章。他熱衷社會慈善公益事業(yè),一次次糾正世人對慈善事業(yè)的誤解和偏見。他先后創(chuàng)辦了中國青基會、希望工程、南都基金會、基金會中心網等公益事業(yè),在新中國復雜的制度環(huán)境與慈善土壤中探索自己的“希望”,在公募與非公募基金會的夾縫中尋求民間慈善公益的生存之道。從廟堂到民間的慈善公益人生,見證了當代中國慈善公益事業(yè)60多年的滄桑巨變�？梢哉f,他是我國公募基金會創(chuàng)始人之一,也是我國非公募基金會的開拓者之一,他致力求索我國慈善公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展的康莊大道,一路走來,風光無限好。本研究分導論、正文、結論三大塊。導論部分:闡述選題背景、研究動態(tài)、研究意義、研究思路、研究框架、研究方法、主要創(chuàng)新點及不足之處等。正文部分有五章:第一章,宏觀分析徐永光投身慈善公益事業(yè)的背景。一方面概述中國當代慈善公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展概況,使本研究有活水為源,有深根為本。一方面梳理徐永光投身慈善公益事業(yè)的個性特色。通過對徐永光苦澀的童年、早期職業(yè)生涯和人生經歷、共青團中央時期的成長與感悟等的分析,引出徐永光走慈善公益之路的個性特色。第二章,剖析徐永光的公募慈善之路。在對徐永光與青基會、希望工程以及中華慈善總會進行剖析的基礎上,探討我國官辦慈善的實際運作模式以及存在的問題。第三章,剖析徐永光的非公募慈善之路。通過對徐永光與南都基金會以及中國基金會中心網的分析,探討非公募慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢與空間,以及在現有體制下如何培育我國非公募慈善事業(yè)健康發(fā)展的“生態(tài)”環(huán)境,如何進一步促使其發(fā)展壯大。第四章,解讀徐永光的慈善公益思想。對徐永光的慈善公益之路進行反思,分析他的成敗得失,研究一個個體如何在有限的條件下實現自己的價值;對徐永光的公益慈善思想全方位解讀,探析他的慈善公益思想形成與演變的軌跡,研究他的慈善公益思想對當代慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的影響。第五章,慈善路上特立獨行的徐永光。對徐永光做一個總體性的評價,在中國當代慈善公益領域,他是一個特立獨行的人,一個言行如一的人,一個勇于實踐的人,一個積極探索的人,一個追求卓越的人,但也受時代的局限,其慈善實踐和思想都有一定的局限性。解析他慈善公益人生有何特點,他的選擇與堅持有什么意義,他的探索與開拓對中國慈善公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展有何影響,他的慈善公益人生的不可復制性與獨特性給予了我們什么樣的啟示;通過對其慈善公益之路的探析,挖掘徐永光不一樣的優(yōu)勢或過人之處,探尋他的慈善公益之路對當代慈善事業(yè)的啟示。結論部分:徐永光在官民之間游走了二十多年,從團中央到官辦的慈善機構再到純粹的民間基金會,他遵從的心的召喚、他尋求真正的突破,他思考更卓越的慈善理念,他堅持做社會需要的慈善事業(yè),他走出了一條特立獨行的慈善公益之路!他對慈善事業(yè)進行頂層設計,注重行業(yè)引領;他對我國慈善公益體制改革、制度建設、民間公益、財富歸屬、社會創(chuàng)新、文化理念以及組織治理等諸方面進行著全方位的探索與實踐。毫無疑問,他是各類基金會普遍認可的領袖式人物,是中國當代公益慈善界重量級人物。作為中國當代慈善公益事業(yè)的開拓者之一,他用他一生的經歷揭示了中國當代慈善公益事業(yè)發(fā)展的三大趨勢:一是當代慈善公益事業(yè)由公募慈善一枝獨秀的狀態(tài)走向公募與非公募慈善二者并存,但相當長一段時期內公募慈善仍將占主導地位;二是完善以“黨委領導、政府推動、民間運作、行業(yè)發(fā)展、制度規(guī)范、全民參與”的慈善公益機制和“法律規(guī)范、政府監(jiān)管、組織善治、行業(yè)自律、社會監(jiān)督、公眾宣傳、平等競爭、優(yōu)勝劣汰”的慈善公益組織發(fā)展生態(tài)環(huán)境是歷史的必然選擇;三是民營化、法制化、系統(tǒng)化、專業(yè)化、普及化的慈善公益事業(yè)終將成為主流,但當前對慈善立法要持謹慎態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the reform and opening-up for more than 30 years, the public welfare cause of the present day has been through the twists and turns, but it still breaks the wave. On the one hand, the misunderstanding and prejudice of the thought, the obstruction and the restriction on the system, the weakness of the charity consciousness and the lack of the charity law, the frequent occurrence of the bad events and the landslide of the credibility of the charity cause the development of the public welfare undertakings. On the other hand, the "popular charity" opened in 2008, the "micro-public welfare" in 2011 and the spring of the development of the public welfare cause have now entered the important period of transformation and development: the legal system of the charity is being perfected and perfected, the admission threshold of the foundation is reduced, and the reform of the charity is more concerned, The top-level design of the reform is also going to be ready; the trend of self-discipline and standardization of the charity public welfare industry, the fittest of the fittest, the equal competition and the transparency are not blocked, the construction of the modern management system is more and more urgent, the public's charity awareness is constantly enhanced, and the charity is involved, The will of dedication and love is increasing, and the development of modern science information technology has made the public all-round supervision become a reality, and the upgrade of the charity public welfare cause has become the dual mission of the history and the times. Xu Yongguang is the same age of the Republic, as a representative figure in the development of the contemporary Chinese charity and public welfare undertakings. He is not only a charitable eye, but also a great charity performance. He grew in a "On the Change of the Charitable Color for All"-sensitive age, the government's rejection of charity, the hostility of the people to charity, and the inadmissibility of the society, and he found that the charity will be a big one. The birth of poverty, the strong will, the accumulation of love and the eager eyes of the poor children, finally led to his resignation from good, and opened a new historical chapter in the field of charity. He is keen on social and charitable causes, and has once again corrected the world's misunderstanding and prejudice to the charity. He has set up the public welfare undertakings, such as the Chinese Youth Foundation, the Hope Project, the South China Foundation and the Foundation Center, to explore its own "hope" in the new China's complex system environment and the charity soil, and to seek the survival way of the folk charity public welfare in the joint of the public offering and the non-public fund-raising foundation. From the temple to the folk charity's life, it has witnessed the vicissitudes of the more than 60 years of China's charity and public welfare. He is one of the founders of China's public-raised foundation, and is one of the pioneers of China's non-public fund-raising foundation. He is committed to the development of the public welfare undertakings in China. The introduction, the text and the conclusion of this study are three big blocks. The introduction part: expounds the background, the research dynamic, the research significance, the research thinking, the research framework, the research method, the main innovation point, the deficiency and so on. The body part has five chapters: the first chapter, the macro analysis Xu Yongguang to the background of the charity public welfare. On the one hand, the development of China's contemporary charity public welfare undertakings is summarized, so that the research has the source of living water, and the deep roots are the present. On the one hand, Xu Yongguang is devoted to the personal characteristics of the charity public welfare undertakings. Through the analysis of Xu Yongguang's bitter childhood, the early career and the life experience, the growth and the feeling of the central period of the Communist Youth League, the author leads Xu Yongguang to take the personal characteristics of the charity public welfare. In the second chapter, the paper analyzes Xu Yongguang's way of public offering. On the basis of the analysis of Xu Yongguang and the foundation, the Hope Project and the Chinese Charity Federation, the paper probes into the actual operation mode and the existing problems of China's official charity. The third chapter analyzes Xu Yongguang's non-public offering of charity. Through the analysis of Xu Yongguang and the Foundation of the South and the central network of China Foundation, this paper probes into the advantages and the space of the development of non-public-raised charity, and how to cultivate the "ecology" environment of the healthy development of the non-public-raised charity in our country, and how to further promote its development. The fourth chapter is to read the charity public interest of Xu Yongguang. On the way of the charity public welfare of Xu Yongguang, this paper analyzes his success and loss, and studies how an individual can realize his own value under the limited conditions. To study the influence of his charity work on the development of contemporary philanthropy. Chapter five, Xu Yongguang, a single line on the charity road. To make an overall evaluation of Xu Yongguang, in the field of China's contemporary charity public welfare, he is a single-line person, a person who is willing to practice, a person who is willing to practice, an active exploration person, a person who is pursuing excellence, but is also limited by the times, The practice and thought of the charity have some limitations. The analysis of the characteristics of his charity public welfare life, his choice and the significance, his exploration and development has the influence on the development of China's charity public welfare undertakings, and the non-replicability and the uniqueness of his charity public good life give us what kind of enlightenment. Through the analysis of the way of charity public welfare, the paper explores the advantages of Xu Yongguang's different advantages or places, and explores the enlightenment of his charity public interest to the contemporary philanthropy. Conclusion: Xu Yongguang has gone for more than 20 years between the official people, from the center of the group to the government-run charity to the pure folk foundation, he followed the call of the heart, he sought the real breakthrough, he thought of the more outstanding charity idea, he insisted on the charity that the society needs, He walked out of a single-row charity path! He has carried on the top-level design of the charity, and pays attention to the industry leadership; he has carried out all-round exploration and practice on the reform of the charity public welfare system, the system construction, the folk public welfare, the wealth ownership, the social innovation, the culture concept and the organization and management. There is no doubt that he is a well-recognized leader of all kinds of foundations, and is the heavyweight of China's contemporary public welfare charity. As one of the pioneers of China's contemporary charity public welfare undertakings, he has revealed three major trends of the development of Chinese contemporary charity public welfare undertakings through his life experience: one is the coexistence of the state of the public-raised charity and the public-raised charity and the public-raising and non-public-raising charity, But for a period of time, the public offering will still dominate; the second is to perfect the "The leadership of the Party Committee, the promotion of the government, the operation of the civil society, the development of the industry, the regulation of the system and the participation of all"-based charity public interest mechanism and the "Legal norms, government regulation, organization of good governance, industry self-discipline, social supervision, public information, equal competition, and fittest" 's charity public welfare organization to develop the ecological environment is the inevitable choice of the history; the third is the privatization, the legalization, the systematization and the specialization, The popular charity cause will eventually become the mainstream, but it is a cautious approach to the charitable legislation.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.182.3
本文編號：2507453
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the reform and opening-up for more than 30 years, the public welfare cause of the present day has been through the twists and turns, but it still breaks the wave. On the one hand, the misunderstanding and prejudice of the thought, the obstruction and the restriction on the system, the weakness of the charity consciousness and the lack of the charity law, the frequent occurrence of the bad events and the landslide of the credibility of the charity cause the development of the public welfare undertakings. On the other hand, the "popular charity" opened in 2008, the "micro-public welfare" in 2011 and the spring of the development of the public welfare cause have now entered the important period of transformation and development: the legal system of the charity is being perfected and perfected, the admission threshold of the foundation is reduced, and the reform of the charity is more concerned, The top-level design of the reform is also going to be ready; the trend of self-discipline and standardization of the charity public welfare industry, the fittest of the fittest, the equal competition and the transparency are not blocked, the construction of the modern management system is more and more urgent, the public's charity awareness is constantly enhanced, and the charity is involved, The will of dedication and love is increasing, and the development of modern science information technology has made the public all-round supervision become a reality, and the upgrade of the charity public welfare cause has become the dual mission of the history and the times. Xu Yongguang is the same age of the Republic, as a representative figure in the development of the contemporary Chinese charity and public welfare undertakings. He is not only a charitable eye, but also a great charity performance. He grew in a "On the Change of the Charitable Color for All"-sensitive age, the government's rejection of charity, the hostility of the people to charity, and the inadmissibility of the society, and he found that the charity will be a big one. The birth of poverty, the strong will, the accumulation of love and the eager eyes of the poor children, finally led to his resignation from good, and opened a new historical chapter in the field of charity. He is keen on social and charitable causes, and has once again corrected the world's misunderstanding and prejudice to the charity. He has set up the public welfare undertakings, such as the Chinese Youth Foundation, the Hope Project, the South China Foundation and the Foundation Center, to explore its own "hope" in the new China's complex system environment and the charity soil, and to seek the survival way of the folk charity public welfare in the joint of the public offering and the non-public fund-raising foundation. From the temple to the folk charity's life, it has witnessed the vicissitudes of the more than 60 years of China's charity and public welfare. He is one of the founders of China's public-raised foundation, and is one of the pioneers of China's non-public fund-raising foundation. He is committed to the development of the public welfare undertakings in China. The introduction, the text and the conclusion of this study are three big blocks. The introduction part: expounds the background, the research dynamic, the research significance, the research thinking, the research framework, the research method, the main innovation point, the deficiency and so on. The body part has five chapters: the first chapter, the macro analysis Xu Yongguang to the background of the charity public welfare. On the one hand, the development of China's contemporary charity public welfare undertakings is summarized, so that the research has the source of living water, and the deep roots are the present. On the one hand, Xu Yongguang is devoted to the personal characteristics of the charity public welfare undertakings. Through the analysis of Xu Yongguang's bitter childhood, the early career and the life experience, the growth and the feeling of the central period of the Communist Youth League, the author leads Xu Yongguang to take the personal characteristics of the charity public welfare. In the second chapter, the paper analyzes Xu Yongguang's way of public offering. On the basis of the analysis of Xu Yongguang and the foundation, the Hope Project and the Chinese Charity Federation, the paper probes into the actual operation mode and the existing problems of China's official charity. The third chapter analyzes Xu Yongguang's non-public offering of charity. Through the analysis of Xu Yongguang and the Foundation of the South and the central network of China Foundation, this paper probes into the advantages and the space of the development of non-public-raised charity, and how to cultivate the "ecology" environment of the healthy development of the non-public-raised charity in our country, and how to further promote its development. The fourth chapter is to read the charity public interest of Xu Yongguang. On the way of the charity public welfare of Xu Yongguang, this paper analyzes his success and loss, and studies how an individual can realize his own value under the limited conditions. To study the influence of his charity work on the development of contemporary philanthropy. Chapter five, Xu Yongguang, a single line on the charity road. To make an overall evaluation of Xu Yongguang, in the field of China's contemporary charity public welfare, he is a single-line person, a person who is willing to practice, a person who is willing to practice, an active exploration person, a person who is pursuing excellence, but is also limited by the times, The practice and thought of the charity have some limitations. The analysis of the characteristics of his charity public welfare life, his choice and the significance, his exploration and development has the influence on the development of China's charity public welfare undertakings, and the non-replicability and the uniqueness of his charity public good life give us what kind of enlightenment. Through the analysis of the way of charity public welfare, the paper explores the advantages of Xu Yongguang's different advantages or places, and explores the enlightenment of his charity public interest to the contemporary philanthropy. Conclusion: Xu Yongguang has gone for more than 20 years between the official people, from the center of the group to the government-run charity to the pure folk foundation, he followed the call of the heart, he sought the real breakthrough, he thought of the more outstanding charity idea, he insisted on the charity that the society needs, He walked out of a single-row charity path! He has carried on the top-level design of the charity, and pays attention to the industry leadership; he has carried out all-round exploration and practice on the reform of the charity public welfare system, the system construction, the folk public welfare, the wealth ownership, the social innovation, the culture concept and the organization and management. There is no doubt that he is a well-recognized leader of all kinds of foundations, and is the heavyweight of China's contemporary public welfare charity. As one of the pioneers of China's contemporary charity public welfare undertakings, he has revealed three major trends of the development of Chinese contemporary charity public welfare undertakings through his life experience: one is the coexistence of the state of the public-raised charity and the public-raised charity and the public-raising and non-public-raising charity, But for a period of time, the public offering will still dominate; the second is to perfect the "The leadership of the Party Committee, the promotion of the government, the operation of the civil society, the development of the industry, the regulation of the system and the participation of all"-based charity public interest mechanism and the "Legal norms, government regulation, organization of good governance, industry self-discipline, social supervision, public information, equal competition, and fittest" 's charity public welfare organization to develop the ecological environment is the inevitable choice of the history; the third is the privatization, the legalization, the systematization and the specialization, The popular charity cause will eventually become the mainstream, but it is a cautious approach to the charitable legislation.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.182.3
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 徐永光;章南;;創(chuàng)始人徐永光:我的心始終沒有離開[J];中華兒女(青聯版);2009年10期
，本文編號：2507453
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