城市流浪乞討人員救助管理的法律制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-11 07:49
【摘要】：2012年，，一組廣州立交橋下鋪滿水泥錐的照片在網(wǎng)絡上瘋狂的擴散。不久之后，廣州市建委承認了澆灌水泥錐的這一事實，并坦言此舉的目的是為了防止流浪漢睡在高架橋下，影響市容市貌。這組照片披露出的事實一時掀起了軒然大波，各大媒體開始用醒目標題質疑政府針對流浪乞討人員的政策和做法的合理性。此后，流浪乞討人員救助管理制度再次受到社會各界的廣泛關注。 “為了救濟、教育和安置城市流浪乞討人員，以維護成熟社會秩序和安定團結”，國務院于1982年頒布了《城市流浪乞討人員收容遣送辦法》（以下簡稱《收容遣送辦法》），確立了收容遣送制度。盡管此制度在頒布之時具有良好的初衷，但由于各種原因，收容遣送制度并不能保證收治人員受到應有的人道待遇。2003年3月，“孫志剛事件”的發(fā)生推動人們在更深層次上質問和懷疑收容遣送制度的合憲性與正當性。在3位法學博士向全國人大常委會寫信呼吁審查收容遣送制度的合憲性后，國務院很快自行廢止了《收容遣送辦法》，并代之以《城市生活無著的流浪乞討人員救助管理辦法》（以下簡稱《救助管理辦法》）。 《救助管理辦法》相較于《收容遣送辦法》明顯更為人道，更加符合立法法的相關規(guī)定。但實際上，《救助管理辦法》施行10年來，并沒有像人人預期的那樣，從本質上解決流浪乞討人員管制問題。相反，這部法律的實施相繼引發(fā)了許多問題。這些問題共同指向了一個亟需政府攻克的難題，就是政府如何對流浪乞討者進行救助與管理。 本文共分為四部分對流浪乞討人員救助管理法律制度這一課題進行探究與討論，全文約3萬字。 第一部分主要對我國流浪乞討人員及其救助管理制度進行概述，分別梳理了流浪乞討行為的概念，行乞的原因及其危害，救助管理制度的內涵和變遷及其原則等主要內容，為下文做好鋪墊。 第二部分主要介紹西方主要國家救助制度到現(xiàn)行管理制度的歷史演進和發(fā)展，總結了國外流浪人員救助管理經(jīng)驗。 第三部分重點從靜態(tài)和動態(tài)兩個角度分析了我國流浪乞討人員救助管理制度的現(xiàn)狀以及問題。 第四部分為文章的重點，在前文的基礎上，提出了完善我國城市流浪乞討人員社會救助制度的對策建議。首先總結了救助管理制度完善必須遵循的主要原則，接著結合我國國情，提出了救助管理制度完善的對策建議。
[Abstract]:In 2012, a group of photos covered with cement cones spread wildly on the Internet under the Guangzhou overpass. Soon after, the Guangzhou Construction Commission acknowledged the fact of pouring cement cones, and admitted that the aim was to prevent homeless people from sleeping under viaducts and affecting the city's appearance. The photos sparked a stir as the media began to question the reasonableness of the government's policies and practices against vagrant beggars with eye-catching headlines. Since then, the rescue management system of vagrants and beggars has received extensive attention from all walks of life. In order to provide relief, education and resettlement of urban vagrant beggars in order to maintain mature social order and secure unity, the State Council promulgated in 1982 the measures for the reception and removal of Urban vagrant beggars (hereinafter referred to as the "reception and removal measures"). A system of reception and deportation has been established. Although the system had a good original intention at the time of its promulgation, for a variety of reasons, the system of reception and removal did not guarantee the humane treatment of those admitted to the hospital. March 2003, The occurrence of Sun Zhigang incident impels people to question and doubt the constitutionality and legitimacy of the system of reception and deportation at a deeper level. After three legal doctorates wrote to the standing Committee of the National people's Congress calling for a review of the constitutionality of the system of reception and deportation, the State Council soon abolished the method of reception and deportation on its own. And replace it with the measures for the rescue of homeless and beggars without urban life (hereinafter referred to as the measures for relief management). The measures for the administration of aid are obviously more humane and more in line with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law than the methods of reception and deportation. But in fact, in the past 10 years, it has not solved the problem of the control of vagrant beggars in essence, as everyone had expected. On the contrary, the enforcement of the law has caused many problems. Together, these problems point to a difficult problem that the government urgently needs to overcome, that is, how to help and manage the vagrant beggars. This paper is divided into four parts to explore and discuss the legal system of the rescue and management of vagrants and beggars, and the full text is about 30,000 words. In the first part, the author summarizes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the reason and harm of begging, the connotation and change of rescue management system and its principles, and so on, which summarizes the management system of vagrants and beggars in our country, and analyzes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the causes of begging and its harm. Lay the groundwork for the following. The second part mainly introduces the historical evolution and development of the aid system from the main western countries to the current management system, and sums up the experience of the relief management of the vagrant abroad. The third part focuses on the static and dynamic analysis of the current situation and problems of the relief management system of vagrants and beggars in China. The fourth part is the focus of the article, on the basis of the above, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the social assistance system of urban vagrants and beggars in our country. Firstly, it summarizes the main principles that must be followed in the improvement of the rescue management system, and then puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the perfection of the rescue management system in the light of the national conditions of our country.
【學位授予單位】：廣東外語外貿大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.182
本文編號：2438097
[Abstract]:In 2012, a group of photos covered with cement cones spread wildly on the Internet under the Guangzhou overpass. Soon after, the Guangzhou Construction Commission acknowledged the fact of pouring cement cones, and admitted that the aim was to prevent homeless people from sleeping under viaducts and affecting the city's appearance. The photos sparked a stir as the media began to question the reasonableness of the government's policies and practices against vagrant beggars with eye-catching headlines. Since then, the rescue management system of vagrants and beggars has received extensive attention from all walks of life. In order to provide relief, education and resettlement of urban vagrant beggars in order to maintain mature social order and secure unity, the State Council promulgated in 1982 the measures for the reception and removal of Urban vagrant beggars (hereinafter referred to as the "reception and removal measures"). A system of reception and deportation has been established. Although the system had a good original intention at the time of its promulgation, for a variety of reasons, the system of reception and removal did not guarantee the humane treatment of those admitted to the hospital. March 2003, The occurrence of Sun Zhigang incident impels people to question and doubt the constitutionality and legitimacy of the system of reception and deportation at a deeper level. After three legal doctorates wrote to the standing Committee of the National people's Congress calling for a review of the constitutionality of the system of reception and deportation, the State Council soon abolished the method of reception and deportation on its own. And replace it with the measures for the rescue of homeless and beggars without urban life (hereinafter referred to as the measures for relief management). The measures for the administration of aid are obviously more humane and more in line with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law than the methods of reception and deportation. But in fact, in the past 10 years, it has not solved the problem of the control of vagrant beggars in essence, as everyone had expected. On the contrary, the enforcement of the law has caused many problems. Together, these problems point to a difficult problem that the government urgently needs to overcome, that is, how to help and manage the vagrant beggars. This paper is divided into four parts to explore and discuss the legal system of the rescue and management of vagrants and beggars, and the full text is about 30,000 words. In the first part, the author summarizes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the reason and harm of begging, the connotation and change of rescue management system and its principles, and so on, which summarizes the management system of vagrants and beggars in our country, and analyzes the concept of vagrant begging behavior, the causes of begging and its harm. Lay the groundwork for the following. The second part mainly introduces the historical evolution and development of the aid system from the main western countries to the current management system, and sums up the experience of the relief management of the vagrant abroad. The third part focuses on the static and dynamic analysis of the current situation and problems of the relief management system of vagrants and beggars in China. The fourth part is the focus of the article, on the basis of the above, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the social assistance system of urban vagrants and beggars in our country. Firstly, it summarizes the main principles that must be followed in the improvement of the rescue management system, and then puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the perfection of the rescue management system in the light of the national conditions of our country.
【學位授予單位】：廣東外語外貿大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.182
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