本文選題：計(jì)劃生育政策 + 公民權(quán)利保障��； 參考：《煙臺(tái)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)梳理中國(guó)計(jì)劃生育政策和法律發(fā)展史,發(fā)現(xiàn)其是從“政策先行,法律不動(dòng)”到“政策先行,法律隨后”再到“政策與法律比肩并行”這樣一個(gè)發(fā)展脈絡(luò);無(wú)論計(jì)劃生育政策還是法律都在不斷地做出修正,以適應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展;維護(hù)公民的基本權(quán)益成為計(jì)劃生育政策和法律發(fā)展的主旋律。我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育政策和法律中對(duì)公民的權(quán)利保障制度主要有:對(duì)失獨(dú)家庭的特別扶助制度;基本項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃生育技術(shù)免費(fèi)服務(wù)制度;計(jì)劃生育的保障和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度;法律責(zé)任追究制度;公民休息權(quán)的保障制度等。由于政策疏忽和立法不完善,計(jì)劃生育政策實(shí)施過(guò)程中對(duì)公民權(quán)利保障也存在許多問(wèn)題,如:胎兒性別的生育知情權(quán)受到限制;生育權(quán)的保護(hù)過(guò)于抽象不利于維權(quán);女性平等就業(yè)權(quán)保護(hù)不足;胎兒生命權(quán)被忽視;公民經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)與平等權(quán)受侵害;特別扶助制度存在扶助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)低、方式過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一、動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制不完善等等。鑒于當(dāng)前我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育政策和法律中存在的問(wèn)題,筆者從立法角度出發(fā),建議調(diào)整計(jì)劃生育政策理念,在基本國(guó)策不動(dòng)搖的前提下,由之前的指令性計(jì)劃調(diào)整為指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃,將保障公民權(quán)利作為立法目的,確立法治框架下的人口生育政策;同時(shí)對(duì)計(jì)劃生育政策立法實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行有效調(diào)整,將生育權(quán)、胎兒生命權(quán)的保護(hù)寫(xiě)入憲法,調(diào)整女性平等就業(yè)權(quán)的保護(hù)思路,廢除社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的征收,完善特別扶助制度,同時(shí)建設(shè)實(shí)體法與程序法、根本法與普通法、一般法和特別法的三維立體的計(jì)劃生育法律體系。
[Abstract]:Through combing the development history of China's family planning policy and law, it is found that it is a development thread from "policy first, law not moving" to "policy first", "law then" to "policy and law parallel". Both the family planning policy and the law are constantly revised to adapt to the development of the times, and safeguarding the basic rights and interests of citizens has become the main theme of the development of family planning policy and law. In our country's family planning policy and law, the protection system of citizens' rights mainly includes: special support system for families without independence, free service system for basic family planning technology, protection and reward system for family planning; The system of investigating legal responsibility and the guarantee system of citizen's right to rest, etc. Due to policy negligence and imperfect legislation, there are many problems in the implementation of the family planning policy, such as: the right to know about the birth of the fetus sex is restricted, the protection of the reproductive right is too abstract and not conducive to the protection of human rights; The female equal employment right protection is insufficient; the fetal life right is ignored; the citizen economic right and the equality right is infringed; the special support system exists the support standard is too low, the way is too simple, the standard is different, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is not perfect and so on. In view of the problems existing in the family planning policy and law of our country, the author proposes to adjust the concept of family planning policy from the legislative point of view, and to change from the previous directive plan to the guiding plan on the premise that the basic national policy is unshakable. Taking the protection of the rights of citizens as the legislative purpose and establishing the population reproductive policy under the framework of the rule of law, at the same time effectively adjusting the legislative practice of the family planning policy, including the protection of reproductive rights and the right to life of the foetus, in the Constitution, We should adjust the way of protection of women's equal right to employment, abolish the collection of social alimony, perfect the system of special support, and at the same time build a three-dimensional legal system of family planning with substantive law and procedural law, basic law and common law, general law and special law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺(tái)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1

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