本文選題：冷凍胚胎　切入點(diǎn)：法律屬性　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工生殖輔助技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展給人類的生殖方式帶來了極大變化,在造福人類的同時(shí)卻也嚴(yán)重沖擊著傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)秩序,客觀上引發(fā)了倫理和法律諸多方面的問題�！皣鴥�(nèi)首例冷凍胚胎權(quán)屬糾紛案”適用法律上的空白,表明我國法律在面對(duì)新技術(shù)時(shí)規(guī)制的滯后性。法律作為維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序和基本行為的規(guī)范體系,應(yīng)當(dāng)適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要,對(duì)新興科技運(yùn)用帶來的問題有所反應(yīng)。冷凍胚胎究竟是什么,是人還是物?四位“失獨(dú)老人”獲得法院判決的冷凍胚胎“監(jiān)管、處置權(quán)”該如何實(shí)現(xiàn)?是否會(huì)引起非法代孕問題?代孕是否應(yīng)該合法化?這些問題都亟需法律的解答。本文擬就冷凍胚胎和代孕涉及的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行研究,力圖為未來我國關(guān)于冷凍胚胎的法律保護(hù)以及代孕的立法提供借鑒和參考。本文總共由三大部分組成:引言、正文和結(jié)語。引言部分,簡(jiǎn)明扼要地介紹了論文的選題背景及研究重點(diǎn)、研究意義和研究方法。正文部分,共分為五章,具體如下:第一章,冷凍胚胎權(quán)屬糾紛案的案情綜述。先簡(jiǎn)單地介紹“國內(nèi)首例冷凍胚胎權(quán)屬糾紛案”的基本概況;涉案三方當(dāng)事人的意見;一、二審法院的裁判結(jié)果。再歸納出本案的三個(gè)關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)即第一,冷凍胚胎的法律屬性或法律地位問題;第二,冷凍胚胎的權(quán)屬及處分問題;第三,冷凍胚胎的繼承以及由此引發(fā)的代孕問題的討論。第二章,冷凍胚胎法律屬性的界定。梳理并依次評(píng)析學(xué)界關(guān)于冷凍胚胎法律屬性的三種主流理論觀點(diǎn)即主體說、客體說和中間說。本文在支持冷凍胚胎具有物性的基礎(chǔ)上,贊同將其納入于民法中人格物的觀點(diǎn)。第三章,冷凍胚胎的權(quán)屬及其處分。分析三種原始取得情形下,冷凍胚胎的所有權(quán)歸屬。在總結(jié)冷凍胚胎五種類型化處分的基礎(chǔ)上,闡釋因處分權(quán)引起的糾紛解決方法。第四章,冷凍胚胎的繼承問題及延伸。經(jīng)過對(duì)冷凍胚胎的可繼承性分析,明確冷凍胚胎可作為遺產(chǎn)繼承但繼承權(quán)內(nèi)容應(yīng)受到限定。在“國內(nèi)首例冷凍胚胎權(quán)屬糾紛案”中,法院判決四位“失獨(dú)老人”共同享有其子女遺留下冷凍胚胎的“監(jiān)管、處置權(quán)”,但因其“延續(xù)香火”目的存在實(shí)現(xiàn)不能的困境,進(jìn)而延伸出代孕問題的探討。第五章,冷凍胚胎的法律保護(hù)。首先,從制定冷凍胚胎保護(hù)法、建立冷凍胚胎登記制度、確定冷凍胚胎保存期限、完善冷凍胚胎處分機(jī)制四個(gè)方面構(gòu)建冷凍胚胎的保護(hù)措施。其次,對(duì)允許無償代孕提出法律建議,學(xué)習(xí)以色列法律中有關(guān)于代孕的法律規(guī)制,并提出適合我國國情的特殊法律規(guī)則。結(jié)語部分,本文展望在處理冷凍胚胎和代孕的有關(guān)問題上,我國法律能夠體現(xiàn)應(yīng)有的理性秩序和人文關(guān)懷。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of artificial reproductive assistance technology has brought great changes to the reproductive mode of human beings, while benefiting mankind, it has also seriously impacted the traditional social order. Objectively, it has caused many ethical and legal problems. "the first dispute over the ownership of frozen embryos in China" is a blank in the applicable law. It shows that the law of our country is lagging behind in the face of the new technology. As a standard system to maintain social order and basic behavior, the law should meet the needs of social development. Respond to the problems posed by the use of new technologies. What are frozen embryos, human or physical? Four "missing elderly" by the court decision of the frozen embryo "supervision, disposal power" how to achieve? Will it give rise to the problem of illegal surrogacy? Should surrogacy be legalized? These questions are in urgent need of legal solutions. This paper intends to study the relevant issues related to frozen embryos and surrogacy. Try to provide reference and reference for the legal protection of frozen embryos and the legislation of surrogate pregnancy in our country in the future. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. This paper briefly introduces the background and research focus of the thesis, research significance and research methods. The main body is divided into five chapters, as follows: chapter 1, Summary of the case of frozen embryo ownership dispute. First, briefly introduce the basic situation of "the first case of frozen embryo ownership dispute in China"; the opinions of the three parties involved; first, The results of the court of second instance. The first, the legal attribute or the legal status of the frozen embryo; the second, the ownership and disposition of the frozen embryo; and the third, The second chapter is the definition of legal attributes of frozen embryos. Object Theory and Intermediate Theory. On the basis of supporting the physical nature of frozen embryos, this paper agrees with the view that frozen embryos should be incorporated into the personality of civil law. Chapter III, ownership and disposition of frozen embryos. Ownership of frozen embryos. On the basis of summing up five types of disposition of frozen embryos, this paper explains the methods of dispute resolution arising from the right of disposition. Chapter four, The inheritance and extension of frozen embryos. Based on the analysis of the inheritance of frozen embryos, it is clear that frozen embryos can be inherited as inheritance, but the contents of inheritance should be limited. In the case of "the first dispute over the ownership of frozen embryos in China", The court ruled that the four "elderly without independence" shared the "right of supervision and disposal" of frozen embryos left over by their children, but because of their "continuation of incense", there was a dilemma that could not be realized, thus extending the discussion of surrogacy. The legal protection of frozen embryos. Firstly, the protection measures of frozen embryos should be constructed from four aspects: establishing the frozen embryo protection law, establishing the registration system of frozen embryos, determining the duration of frozen embryos preservation, perfecting the disposition mechanism of frozen embryos. To allow free surrogacy to put forward the legal advice, learn from the Israeli law about surrogacy legal regulation, and put forward the special legal rules suitable for the national conditions of our country. Conclusion part, this article looks forward to dealing with frozen embryos and surrogate pregnancy related issues. The law of our country can embody the rational order and humanistic concern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

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