本文關鍵詞： 公共安全事故 歸責 監(jiān)督過失 行政問責　出處：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：晚近,在工業(yè)和經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展帶動下,我們改造世界的能力也更加強大。然而,飛速發(fā)展帶來的是重大公共安全事故頻發(fā),造成巨大的人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失,嚴重影響著社會的正常發(fā)展和公眾的生活幸福感。重大公共安全事故的歸責成為亟待解決的問題。本文通過對四個典型案例的責任主體、責任類型展開深入剖析,更合理解決重大公共安全事故的責任認定問題,并提出相關完善建議。全文共分為五個部分:第一部分包括緒論和第二章,這部分通過引入四個典型案例,結合相關的概念進行界定,明確本文研究的基礎概念與研究范圍;通過對歸責要素的界定,梳理出文章論述的主要內(nèi)容。第二部分(第三章)主要是對案例中的責任主體的認定,膠濟鐵路案中除了鐵路職工還有誰應當擔責;甬溫動車案中擔責的鐵路部門具體有哪些;東方之星號上的船長是否是應然責任主體;天津港內(nèi)除了瑞海公司還有哪些主體應當承擔責任。第三部分(第四章)對重大公共安全事故中的責任進行了類型化分析:問責之風強勁的當下,結合案例及相關法律法規(guī)說明現(xiàn)有的問責疑難。在傳統(tǒng)法律責任中:刑事歸罪應嚴格依照罪刑法定原則;從督過失理論的視角看,提出對負有監(jiān)督責任的領導的罪名認定應以瀆職罪為最優(yōu)選擇;明確了民事賠償責任以侵權責任法為判斷基礎。第四部分(第五章)是對應前一部分呈現(xiàn)問題所提出的建議:首先,統(tǒng)一官員的問責標準;優(yōu)化問責環(huán)境,這其中包括問責文化建設、政務公開及完善被問責官員的"復出"機制;同時提出在國家監(jiān)察體制改革的背景下,應處理好黨紀與法律間的銜接。其次,刑事責任認定中,明確監(jiān)督過失理論的法理基礎是新過失理論;為防止監(jiān)督過失責任的過度擴張,應當結合被監(jiān)督者有無罪過、是否存在監(jiān)督義務、是否盡到必要注意義務以及是否應適用可信賴原則等情況綜合研判監(jiān)督者的責任。最后,針對重大公共安全事故中的民事賠償問題,建議推廣責任保險制度、拓寬救濟的途徑、引入懲罰性賠償制度。在本文的余論部分,探討的是與研究主題密切相關的風險社會下注意義務的重新分配的問題,結合刑法保護目的指出:犯罪及其預防的前移將使刑事責任認定呈現(xiàn)更加復雜的態(tài)勢。
[Abstract]:Recently, driven by the rapid development of industry and economy, our ability to transform the world has become stronger. However, rapid development has brought about frequent major public safety accidents, resulting in huge casualties and property losses. It seriously affects the normal development of society and the well-being of public life. The imputation of major public safety accidents becomes an urgent problem to be solved. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part includes the introduction and the second chapter, this part introduces four typical cases. Combined with the related concepts to define, clear the basic concepts and research scope of this study; through the definition of the elements of liability, The second part (chapter three) is mainly about the identification of the subject of responsibility in the case, who should be held responsible in the case of Jiaoji railway, which railway department should be responsible in the case of Yongwen train; Whether the captain on the eastern asterisk is the subject of due responsibility; The third part (Chapter 4th) analyzes the type of responsibility in major public safety accidents: the current situation of the strong wind of accountability. In the traditional legal liability: criminal imputation should be strictly in accordance with the principle of legality; from the perspective of the theory of oversight negligence, The author puts forward that the crime of dereliction of duty should be the best choice for the leaders with supervisory responsibility. It is clear that civil liability is based on the tort liability law. Part 4th (Chapter 5th) is the corresponding suggestion of the former part: first, unify the accountability standard of officials; optimize the accountability environment. These include the construction of the culture of accountability, the openness of government affairs and the improvement of the mechanism of "re-emergence" of accountable officials. At the same time, it is proposed that, under the background of the reform of the national supervisory system, the link between party discipline and law should be handled well. Secondly, in the determination of criminal responsibility, It is clear that the legal basis of the supervisory negligence theory is the new negligence theory, in order to prevent the excessive expansion of the supervisory negligence liability, it should be combined with whether the supervised person is guilty or not and whether there is a supervisory obligation or not. Whether to fulfill the necessary duty of care and whether the principle of trustworthiness should be applied to comprehensively judge the supervisor's liability. Finally, in view of the civil compensation problem in major public safety accidents, it is suggested to promote the liability insurance system and broaden the channels of relief. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the redistribution of the duty of care under the risk society, which is closely related to the subject of study. In combination with the purpose of criminal law protection, the author points out that the advance of crime and its prevention will make the identification of criminal responsibility more complicated.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.54;D922.1

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本文編號：1525877