論認識錯誤與強奸罪的本質(zhì)
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-02 06:05
【摘要】：強奸罪作為嚴重侵犯人身權(quán)利的犯罪,在刑法和刑罰的適用上應(yīng)嚴格謹慎,把握好強奸罪的本質(zhì)特征顯得尤為重要。通過各學說之比較,被害人對性交行為發(fā)生的意愿是反映強奸罪的根本特征內(nèi)容,即強奸罪的本質(zhì)應(yīng)該從婦女對性交行為的意愿方面來分析,因此,性交行為如果違背婦女內(nèi)心有效同意的態(tài)度,則性交行為“違背婦女意志”,強奸罪成立。在司法實踐中,將使用暴力、脅迫等方式實施的強奸行為,認定為強奸罪的成立較為容易,幾乎不存在爭議。但是,對于被害人認識錯誤或者行為人認識錯誤而發(fā)生的性交行為,能否認定為強奸罪的成立,則較為復雜。因認識錯誤而發(fā)生的性交行為,是否屬于違背婦女意志,則需要進行事后推定,這一問題,一直是司法實踐中認定強奸罪的難題。文中對于刑法中的認識錯誤,采用事實認識錯誤和違法性認識錯誤的分類標準。因違法性認識錯誤不阻卻故意,所以行為人即使不知道違背婦女意志強行性交的行為違反了法律,也仍然構(gòu)成犯罪,不影響對強奸行為的定罪量刑。但事實認識錯誤在一定程度下,能夠阻卻故意,因事實認識錯誤發(fā)生的性交行為,如行為人誤把他人當成自己的妻子、女朋友、情人,或者婦女誤把行為人當成自己的丈夫等情況,行為人是否構(gòu)成強奸罪,則應(yīng)該分情況討論。
[Abstract]:The crime of rape, as a crime of serious violation of personal rights, should be strictly cautious in the application of criminal law and punishment, and it is particularly important to grasp the essential characteristics of rape. Through the comparison of the theories, the will of the victim to have sexual intercourse is the essential feature of the crime of rape, that is, the essence of the crime of rape should be analyzed from the point of view of the will of women towards sexual intercourse. If sexual intercourse is contrary to the attitude of effective consent, sexual intercourse is "against the will of women" and the crime of rape is established. In judicial practice, it is easy to establish rape as the crime of rape by means of violence, coercion and so on, and there is almost no dispute. However, it is complicated to identify the sexual intercourse as the crime of rape when the victim is wrong about it or the actor is wrong about the sexual intercourse that happens when the victim is wrong about it or the actor is wrong about sexual intercourse. Whether sexual intercourse due to wrong cognition is against the will of women needs to be presumed afterwards. This problem has always been a difficult problem in judicial practice to determine the crime of rape. In this paper, the classification criteria of factual error and illegality in criminal law are adopted. Because the wrong understanding of illegal sex is intentional, even if the perpetrator does not know that the act of forced sexual intercourse against the will of women violates the law, it still constitutes a crime and does not affect the conviction and punishment of rape. However, to a certain extent, the mistake of understanding the facts can stop the sexual intercourse caused by the mistake of knowing the facts, such as the actor mistakenly regards others as his wife, girlfriend, and lover. Or the woman mistakenly regards the perpetrator as her husband, and whether the perpetrator constitutes the crime of rape should be discussed separately.
【學位授予單位】：煙臺大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3
本文編號：2452314
[Abstract]:The crime of rape, as a crime of serious violation of personal rights, should be strictly cautious in the application of criminal law and punishment, and it is particularly important to grasp the essential characteristics of rape. Through the comparison of the theories, the will of the victim to have sexual intercourse is the essential feature of the crime of rape, that is, the essence of the crime of rape should be analyzed from the point of view of the will of women towards sexual intercourse. If sexual intercourse is contrary to the attitude of effective consent, sexual intercourse is "against the will of women" and the crime of rape is established. In judicial practice, it is easy to establish rape as the crime of rape by means of violence, coercion and so on, and there is almost no dispute. However, it is complicated to identify the sexual intercourse as the crime of rape when the victim is wrong about it or the actor is wrong about the sexual intercourse that happens when the victim is wrong about it or the actor is wrong about sexual intercourse. Whether sexual intercourse due to wrong cognition is against the will of women needs to be presumed afterwards. This problem has always been a difficult problem in judicial practice to determine the crime of rape. In this paper, the classification criteria of factual error and illegality in criminal law are adopted. Because the wrong understanding of illegal sex is intentional, even if the perpetrator does not know that the act of forced sexual intercourse against the will of women violates the law, it still constitutes a crime and does not affect the conviction and punishment of rape. However, to a certain extent, the mistake of understanding the facts can stop the sexual intercourse caused by the mistake of knowing the facts, such as the actor mistakenly regards others as his wife, girlfriend, and lover. Or the woman mistakenly regards the perpetrator as her husband, and whether the perpetrator constitutes the crime of rape should be discussed separately.
【學位授予單位】：煙臺大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3
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