【摘要】：越來越多的性侵害未成年人犯罪的案件被媒體曝光在民眾的視野中,使得人們開始廣泛關(guān)注未成年人性權(quán)利的保護問題。雖然近年來我國出臺了一些保護該類群體性權(quán)利的法律文件,但是我國刑事立法對其的保護依然存在缺陷,不盡如人意。所以本文從刑法角度入手,以給予未成年人特殊保護為目的,針對該類犯罪在立法上存在的缺陷,提出立法建議。本文第一部分,首先從基本概念出發(fā),明確性侵害行為的概念,將其作廣義的理解,包括性侵犯和性剝削。其次,根據(jù)以上概念,界定性侵害未成年人犯罪的范圍。最后,通過對近幾年曝光的該類案件進行統(tǒng)計,分析出該類案件呈現(xiàn)被害人低齡化、男性未成年被害人比例增加以及熟人犯罪所占比例大等特點,由此得出對未成年人特殊保護的必要性。第二部分首先介紹了該類犯罪的立法現(xiàn)狀,然后分析其存在的不足,主要表現(xiàn)為相關(guān)法律規(guī)定罪名設置不當、法律規(guī)定分布零散且歸類不當、對各類被害人的保護不全面、對負有特殊職責的人員作為犯罪主體的立法空白以及相關(guān)法律條文的內(nèi)容不全面。第三部分是對域外相關(guān)立法的考察。本文主要選取了以美國、英國為代表的英美法系,和以德國、法國為代表的大陸法系進行立法研究,找到國外的一些先進做法為我國的立法完善提供借鑒,主要表現(xiàn)為以下幾個方面:性侵害犯罪的行為方式得到了擴大;犯罪主體和犯罪對象不以性別進行區(qū)分;設立單獨的罪名或者制定專門的法律以體現(xiàn)對未成年人的特別保護;增加了對未成年人負有特殊職責的人作為犯罪主體的法律規(guī)定。第四部分是對該類犯罪的立法完善提出建議。完善的建議主要包含重新設置部分罪名;重新編排罪名所屬章節(jié);全面保護各類被害人,主要按照年齡和性別的分類,重新設置性承諾年齡線和擴大犯罪主體、對象的范圍;增加對負有特殊職責的人員作為犯罪主體的法律規(guī)定;完善相關(guān)法律條文的內(nèi)容,包括對淫穢物品類犯罪的條文內(nèi)容進行完善和對性侵害的具體行為方式進行明確。
[Abstract]:More and more cases of sexual assault on minors have been exposed by the media, which makes people pay more and more attention to the protection of minor human rights. Although some legal documents have been issued to protect this kind of group rights in recent years, there are still some defects in the protection of the criminal legislation of our country, which is not satisfactory. So this article from the criminal law angle, in order to give the minor special protection as the purpose, aimed at this kind of crime existence in the legislative flaw, put forward the legislative suggestion. The first part of this paper, starting from the basic concept, clarifies the concept of the act of abuse, and makes a broad understanding of it, including sexual assault and sexual exploitation. Secondly, according to the above concept, define the scope of crimes against minors. Finally, through the statistics of this kind of cases exposed in recent years, this paper analyzes the characteristics of this kind of cases, such as the low age of the victims, the increase in the proportion of male minor victims and the large proportion of acquaintance crimes, and so on. Therefore, the necessity of special protection for minors is obtained. The second part first introduces the legislative status of this type of crime, and then analyzes its shortcomings, mainly manifested in the improper setting up of the relevant legal provisions, the scattered and improper classification of the legal provisions, and the incomplete protection of all kinds of victims. The legislative blank of the person with special duty as the subject of crime and the contents of the relevant legal provisions are not comprehensive. The third part is the investigation of the relevant extraterritorial legislation. This paper mainly selects the Anglo-American law system represented by the United States, Britain as the representative, and the continental law system represented by Germany and France as the representative to carry on the legislative research, and finds some foreign advanced practices to provide the reference for the legislative perfection of our country. The main manifestations are as follows: the way of sexual assault crime has been expanded; There is no distinction between the subject of crime and the object of crime according to sex; the establishment of separate charges or the enactment of special laws to reflect the special protection of minors; and the addition of legal provisions on persons with special responsibilities for minors as subjects of crime. The fourth part is to put forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation of this kind of crime. The perfect suggestions mainly include re-setting part of the crime; rearranging the chapter of the crime; protecting all kinds of victims comprehensively, mainly according to the classification of age and sex, re-setting the age line of sexual commitment and expanding the scope of the subject and object of the crime; We should increase the legal provisions for the persons with special duties as the subject of crime, perfect the contents of the relevant legal provisions, including the improvement of the content of the provisions of the crime of obscene articles and the specific acts of sexual assault.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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本文編號：2450268