危害環(huán)境行為的刑法規(guī)制問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-27 21:26
【摘要】：環(huán)境是人類賴以生存的基本條件，是社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的根本要求。然而，在世界各國工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中，對環(huán)境的污染和破壞越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，給人類自身的生存和發(fā)展帶來了嚴(yán)重威脅，環(huán)境問題已成為社會普遍關(guān)注的焦點。為此，世界上各國均進(jìn)行了關(guān)于危害環(huán)境行為的刑事立法。以大陸法系國家為例，其關(guān)于環(huán)境犯罪的立法已有較長的歷史，所形成的有關(guān)環(huán)境犯罪的立法較為系統(tǒng)全面。例如，德國的環(huán)境刑事立法已逐漸認(rèn)識到了環(huán)境的價值，已開始把環(huán)境法益作為同其他法益同樣重要的客體加以保護(hù)。德國環(huán)境犯罪的客觀形態(tài)大致可分為行為犯、危險犯以及抽象危險犯三種類型。現(xiàn)行德國刑法不承認(rèn)法人的刑事可罰性，但對有關(guān)的責(zé)任人員規(guī)定了相應(yīng)的刑事責(zé)任。而英美法系國家也有自己的立法特點，與大陸法系國家采用刑事立法的特征不同，其一般以行政附屬刑法為主，適用普通法及特別刑法的原則。例如，英國環(huán)境刑事立法體現(xiàn)了非人本主義思想的理念，注重環(huán)境法益的保護(hù)，并且立法幾乎囊括了所有種類的危害環(huán)境的行為。同時，立法適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則，規(guī)定了危險犯，體現(xiàn)了預(yù)防犯罪的原則。較之國外環(huán)境犯罪刑事立法的發(fā)展，我國雖在1997年刑法中規(guī)定了破壞環(huán)境資源保護(hù)罪一節(jié)，但由于環(huán)境犯罪刑事立法理念陳舊、罪名體系設(shè)置不合理、刑法規(guī)制的范圍較窄及懲罰力度較輕等問題，導(dǎo)致刑法在懲治危害環(huán)境行為時沒有發(fā)揮出足夠的作用，部分危害環(huán)境的行為難以得到有效的刑罰處罰。本文通過分析國內(nèi)外環(huán)境犯罪刑事立法的現(xiàn)狀分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國環(huán)境犯罪立法的不足，鑒于環(huán)境的重要性及其他國家環(huán)境立法的可借鑒性，應(yīng)確立環(huán)境犯罪在刑法典中的重要地位，并應(yīng)從立法模式、罪名體系、刑罰適用原則及種類等方面加以完善。
[Abstract]:Environment is the basic condition of human existence and the basic requirement of social sustainable development. However, in the process of industrialization all over the world, the pollution and destruction of the environment has become more and more serious, which has brought a serious threat to the survival and development of human beings, and environmental problems have become the focus of general concern of the society. To this end, all countries in the world have carried out criminal legislation on acts against the environment. Taking civil law countries as an example, the legislation on environmental crime has a long history, and the legislation on environmental crime formed is more systematic and comprehensive. For example, Germany's environmental criminal legislation has gradually recognized the value of the environment and began to protect the environmental legal interest as an object as important as other legal interests. The objective form of environmental crime in Germany can be divided into three types: behavioral crime, dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime. The current German criminal law does not recognize the criminal penalties of legal persons, but provides for the corresponding criminal liability of the responsible persons concerned. The common law countries also have their own legislative characteristics, which are different from those of the continental law countries, which are mainly administrative subsidiary criminal law and apply the principles of common law and special criminal law. For example, the British environmental criminal legislation embodies the idea of non-humanism, pays attention to the protection of environmental legal interests, and covers almost all kinds of environmental harm behavior. At the same time, the legislation applies the principle of strict liability, provides for dangerous crimes, embodies the principle of crime prevention. Compared with the development of the criminal legislation of environmental crime abroad, although the crime of destroying the protection of environment and resources was stipulated in our criminal law in 1997, due to the outdated concept of criminal legislation of environmental crime, the system of charges is not reasonable. The narrow scope of the criminal law regulation and the lighter degree of punishment lead to the criminal law does not play a sufficient role in the punishment of environmental harm, and some of the environmental harm acts are difficult to get effective punishment. Through analyzing the present situation of the criminal legislation of environmental crime at home and abroad, this paper finds the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in our country. In view of the importance of the environment and the feasibility of other countries' environmental legislation, We should establish the important position of environmental crime in the criminal code and perfect it from the aspects of legislative mode, crime system, applicable principle and type of penalty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.36
本文編號：2448575
[Abstract]:Environment is the basic condition of human existence and the basic requirement of social sustainable development. However, in the process of industrialization all over the world, the pollution and destruction of the environment has become more and more serious, which has brought a serious threat to the survival and development of human beings, and environmental problems have become the focus of general concern of the society. To this end, all countries in the world have carried out criminal legislation on acts against the environment. Taking civil law countries as an example, the legislation on environmental crime has a long history, and the legislation on environmental crime formed is more systematic and comprehensive. For example, Germany's environmental criminal legislation has gradually recognized the value of the environment and began to protect the environmental legal interest as an object as important as other legal interests. The objective form of environmental crime in Germany can be divided into three types: behavioral crime, dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime. The current German criminal law does not recognize the criminal penalties of legal persons, but provides for the corresponding criminal liability of the responsible persons concerned. The common law countries also have their own legislative characteristics, which are different from those of the continental law countries, which are mainly administrative subsidiary criminal law and apply the principles of common law and special criminal law. For example, the British environmental criminal legislation embodies the idea of non-humanism, pays attention to the protection of environmental legal interests, and covers almost all kinds of environmental harm behavior. At the same time, the legislation applies the principle of strict liability, provides for dangerous crimes, embodies the principle of crime prevention. Compared with the development of the criminal legislation of environmental crime abroad, although the crime of destroying the protection of environment and resources was stipulated in our criminal law in 1997, due to the outdated concept of criminal legislation of environmental crime, the system of charges is not reasonable. The narrow scope of the criminal law regulation and the lighter degree of punishment lead to the criminal law does not play a sufficient role in the punishment of environmental harm, and some of the environmental harm acts are difficult to get effective punishment. Through analyzing the present situation of the criminal legislation of environmental crime at home and abroad, this paper finds the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in our country. In view of the importance of the environment and the feasibility of other countries' environmental legislation, We should establish the important position of environmental crime in the criminal code and perfect it from the aspects of legislative mode, crime system, applicable principle and type of penalty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.36
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