【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，一些對(duì)社會(huì)有用但同時(shí)具有一定危險(xiǎn)性的行業(yè)產(chǎn)生。近些年來(lái)，這些行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的過(guò)失犯罪，尤其是業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)失犯罪越來(lái)越多。一方面，處罰業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)失犯罪可以對(duì)這些行業(yè)的從業(yè)人員起到良好的警示作用，，預(yù)防許多安全事故的發(fā)生。但是另一方面，業(yè)務(wù)犯罪的成立范圍過(guò)于廣泛將使得這些行業(yè)的從業(yè)人員背負(fù)過(guò)重的負(fù)擔(dān)，從而不利于這些行業(yè)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步。為此，我們有必要用信賴原則來(lái)限制一部分過(guò)失犯罪的成立，從而使這些行業(yè)的發(fā)展得到解放，從而使其更大地促進(jìn)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。 信賴原則產(chǎn)生于1935年的德國(guó)，隨后在日本、瑞士、奧地利等國(guó)家得到適用。信賴原則在產(chǎn)生之初主要適用于交通事故領(lǐng)域，現(xiàn)已擴(kuò)大適用到醫(yī)療事故，監(jiān)督過(guò)失等領(lǐng)域。信賴原則的產(chǎn)生本質(zhì)上是產(chǎn)業(yè)資本主義發(fā)展的要求。 信賴原則以社會(huì)相當(dāng)性理論、允許的危險(xiǎn)理論及危險(xiǎn)分配理論為基礎(chǔ)，在具備一定的社會(huì)客觀條件及以“信賴”為前提的主觀條件的情形下得以適用。但是在具備限制條件的情形下信賴原則不得適用。過(guò)失理論經(jīng)歷了從舊過(guò)失論到新過(guò)失論再到新新過(guò)失論的發(fā)展過(guò)程。信賴原則是在新過(guò)失論的基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)排除行為人的預(yù)見(jiàn)義務(wù)以及在危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)中保持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度的義務(wù)來(lái)達(dá)到限制過(guò)失犯罪的成立范圍的目的。 我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律中沒(méi)有信賴原則的自覺(jué)適用，但仍有部分法律法規(guī)體現(xiàn)了信賴原則的精神。要使信賴原則在我國(guó)得到適用就應(yīng)借鑒德、日刑法中的信賴原則并將之引入我國(guó)刑法。通過(guò)刑事司法解釋將信賴原則加以適用是一個(gè)可行的選擇。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, some industries which are useful to the society but have certain danger at the same time come into being. In recent years, there are more and more negligent crimes in these industries, especially in business negligence. On the one hand, the punishment of negligent business crime can serve as a good warning to the employees in these industries and prevent many safety accidents. But on the other hand, the establishment of the scope of business crime will make the practitioners of these industries bear an excessive burden, which is not conducive to the development and progress of these industries. Therefore, it is necessary for us to limit the establishment of some negligent crimes with the principle of trust, so as to liberate the development of these industries and promote the development of society. The principle of trust originated in Germany in 1935 and then applied in Japan, Switzerland, Austria and other countries. The principle of reliance was mainly applied to traffic accidents at the beginning of its existence, and has been extended to the fields of medical malpractice and supervision of negligence. The principle of reliance is essentially the requirement of the development of industrial capitalism. The principle of trust is based on the theory of social equivalence, the theory of permissible danger and the theory of risk distribution, and can be applied under certain social objective conditions and subjective conditions based on the premise of "trust". However, the principle of trust may not be applied in the case of restricted conditions. The theory of negligence has experienced the development from the old fault theory to the new fault theory and then to the new fault theory. On the basis of the new negligence theory, the principle of trust is to limit the scope of the establishment of negligent crime by excluding the actor's obligation to foresee and maintaining a cautious attitude in a dangerous state. There is no conscious application of the principle of trust in the current law of our country, but some laws and regulations still embody the spirit of the principle of trust. In order to apply the principle of trust in our country, we should draw lessons from the principle of trust in the criminal law of Germany and Japan and introduce it into our criminal law. It is a feasible choice to apply the principle of reliance through criminal judicial interpretation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924

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