環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職罪探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-22 17:38
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)中后期,環(huán)境問題己經(jīng)成為影響人類生活和社會發(fā)展的頭號公敵。世界各國都開始嘗試以行政的手段保護環(huán)境,制定非常多的環(huán)境行政法,并以民法、刑法配合實施。 我國1997年刑法典中新增環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職罪,是指負(fù)有環(huán)境保護監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的國家機關(guān)工作人員嚴(yán)重不負(fù)責(zé)任,從而導(dǎo)致發(fā)生重大污染事故,使公私財產(chǎn)受到重大損失或者重大人身傷亡的嚴(yán)重后果的行為。本罪的主體為負(fù)有環(huán)境保護監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的國家機關(guān)工作人員；本罪主觀方面立法規(guī)定為過失；本罪的客體包括國家對環(huán)境保護工作的正常監(jiān)管制度和公民的環(huán)境權(quán),并且兩客體之間具有層次性；本罪的客觀方面是指嚴(yán)重不負(fù)責(zé)任而且造成嚴(yán)重后果,危害行為的表現(xiàn)形式是不依法履行法定職責(zé)和不正確履行法定職責(zé)是本罪。環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職罪的立法規(guī)定的罪狀表述,主體規(guī)定、本罪危害結(jié)果、因果關(guān)系的判定有其自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本罪在主體(應(yīng)明確主體范圍)、主觀方面(應(yīng)包括問接故意)、罪狀表述方面(應(yīng)將危害后果作為加重情節(jié))、法定刑設(shè)置方面(應(yīng)加重處罰力度并配以附加刑)等方面存在著缺陷。 本文對國外(美國、德國、越南、韓國以及國際組織)環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職行為的刑事立法進行考察,從國外對于環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職的立法體例、技術(shù)、法定刑和刑種等方面得到啟示,為完善現(xiàn)行我國環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職罪立法規(guī)定,本文從罪狀、主體、主觀方面、法定刑等方面提出立法建議,以便于司法實踐。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 20th century, environmental problems have become the number one public enemy affecting human life and social development. Countries all over the world begin to try to protect the environment by administrative means, formulate a lot of environmental administrative law, and cooperate with civil law and criminal law. The crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision was added to the Criminal Code of China in 1997, which refers to the serious irresponsibility of the personnel of state organs who have the responsibility of supervising and managing the environment, resulting in serious pollution accidents. The act of inflicting heavy losses on public or private property or serious consequences of heavy personal injury. The subject of this crime is the functionary of the state organ who is responsible for the supervision and administration of environmental protection; the subjective aspect of the crime is stipulated as negligence by legislation; the object of this crime includes the normal supervision system of the state over environmental protection and the environmental rights of citizens, And there are levels between the two objects; the objective aspect of this crime is serious irresponsibility and serious consequences. The manifestation of the harmful behavior is not to perform legal duties according to law and not to perform legal duties correctly is this crime. The criminal description, subject regulation, the result of harm and causality of the crime have their own standard in the legislative regulation of the crime of environmental supervision and dereliction of duty. This crime is in the subject (the scope of the subject should be clear), subjective aspect (including questioning and accepting intention), the description of the crime (the harmful consequence should be taken as the aggravating circumstance), the legal penalty establishment aspect (should increase the punishment intensity and be matched with the additional punishment), and so on. There are shortcomings in this area. This paper investigates the criminal legislation of environmental regulatory negligence in foreign countries (USA, Germany, Vietnam, Korea and international organizations), and draws inspiration from the legislative style, technology, legal penalty and type of punishment of environmental oversight dereliction of duty abroad. In order to perfect the current legislative provisions of the crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision in our country, this paper puts forward legislative suggestions from the aspects of crime, subject, subjective aspect and legal punishment, so as to facilitate judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3
本文編號：2197832
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 20th century, environmental problems have become the number one public enemy affecting human life and social development. Countries all over the world begin to try to protect the environment by administrative means, formulate a lot of environmental administrative law, and cooperate with civil law and criminal law. The crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision was added to the Criminal Code of China in 1997, which refers to the serious irresponsibility of the personnel of state organs who have the responsibility of supervising and managing the environment, resulting in serious pollution accidents. The act of inflicting heavy losses on public or private property or serious consequences of heavy personal injury. The subject of this crime is the functionary of the state organ who is responsible for the supervision and administration of environmental protection; the subjective aspect of the crime is stipulated as negligence by legislation; the object of this crime includes the normal supervision system of the state over environmental protection and the environmental rights of citizens, And there are levels between the two objects; the objective aspect of this crime is serious irresponsibility and serious consequences. The manifestation of the harmful behavior is not to perform legal duties according to law and not to perform legal duties correctly is this crime. The criminal description, subject regulation, the result of harm and causality of the crime have their own standard in the legislative regulation of the crime of environmental supervision and dereliction of duty. This crime is in the subject (the scope of the subject should be clear), subjective aspect (including questioning and accepting intention), the description of the crime (the harmful consequence should be taken as the aggravating circumstance), the legal penalty establishment aspect (should increase the punishment intensity and be matched with the additional punishment), and so on. There are shortcomings in this area. This paper investigates the criminal legislation of environmental regulatory negligence in foreign countries (USA, Germany, Vietnam, Korea and international organizations), and draws inspiration from the legislative style, technology, legal penalty and type of punishment of environmental oversight dereliction of duty abroad. In order to perfect the current legislative provisions of the crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision in our country, this paper puts forward legislative suggestions from the aspects of crime, subject, subjective aspect and legal punishment, so as to facilitate judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3
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，本文編號：2197832
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