本文選題：稀土 + WTO規(guī)則　； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：2012年3月13日，美國、歐盟、日本以中國對稀土產(chǎn)品的出口限制措施違反了WTO規(guī)則和中國入世承諾為由向世貿(mào)組織提起了貿(mào)易爭端訴訟。這就是中、美、歐、日等國的“稀土之戰(zhàn)”。2014年3月26日，WTO專家組公布了此案的專家組報告，裁決中國違反了相關(guān)WTO規(guī)則和入世承諾，中國初裁敗訴。 本文分為四個部分，首先探討了此案的爭端背景，，介紹中國稀土資源面臨稀土儲存量急劇減少和嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問題，中國基于保護(hù)資源與環(huán)境的考慮將出口鼓勵型政策轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌隹诠苤菩驼�。接著介紹了“稀土案”的“前奏”即“原材料案”的主要爭議焦點�？梢钥吹絻砂赶嗨贫葮O高，都是發(fā)達(dá)國家針對中國不可再生資源提出的貿(mào)易爭端。文章第二部分對此案進(jìn)行了法律剖析。介紹了此案的案件進(jìn)程。申訴方的起訴理由主要是中國違背了入世承諾和GATT1994相關(guān)規(guī)定，還有WTO的透明度原則。接著文章針對中國稀土出口限制措施與入世承諾和GATT1994相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行相符性分析。最后對中國的抗辯理由即GATT1994第20條進(jìn)行法律分析，深入剖析此案的法律問題。文章第三部分結(jié)合兩案分析中國的敗訴原因，主要有入世承諾的寬泛，國內(nèi)法規(guī)政策與WTO規(guī)則不一致，證據(jù)不充分，政策不夠透明化等。文章最后一部分針對中國自然資源貿(mào)易爭端愈演愈烈的形勢提出針對性的見解和建議，希望能在保護(hù)國內(nèi)稀土資源和符合WTO規(guī)則之間找到合理的平衡點。
[Abstract]:On March 13, 2012, the United States, the European Union and Japan filed a trade dispute with the World Trade Organization for China's export restrictions on rare earth products in violation of WTO rules and China's WTO commitments.This is the "war of rare earths" between China, the United States, Europe and Japan. On March 26, 2014, a panel of WTO experts published a report on the case, ruling that China had violated relevant WTO rules and WTO commitments, and China had initially lost its judgment.This paper is divided into four parts. First of all, the background of the dispute is discussed, and the rare earth resources in China are faced with a sharp decrease in rare earth storage and serious environmental pollution.Based on the consideration of protecting resources and environment, China transforms its export incentive policy into export control policy.Then it introduces the prelude of rare earth case, which is the main dispute focus of raw material case.It can be seen that the two cases are highly similar, both of which are trade disputes brought by developed countries against China's non-renewable resources.The second part of the article carries on the legal analysis to this case.The course of the case was introduced.The complaint was based on China's breach of WTO commitments and GATT1994 rules, as well as WTO's transparency principles.Then this paper analyzes the conformity of China's rare earth export restriction measures with WTO commitments and GATT1994 regulations.At last, the article 20 of GATT1994 is analyzed, and the legal problems of this case are deeply analyzed.In the third part, the author analyzes the reasons of China's failure from the two cases, including the broad promise of China's entry into WTO, the inconsistency of domestic laws and regulations with the WTO rules, the insufficient evidence, and the lack of transparency of the policy, etc.In the last part of the paper, the author puts forward some opinions and suggestions on the situation of China's natural resources trade disputes, hoping to find a reasonable balance between protecting domestic rare earth resources and complying with WTO rules.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.295;D922.6;D924.3

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