本文選題：職業(yè)禁止　切入點：保安處分　出處：《華中師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《刑法修正案(九)》首條將職業(yè)禁止的規(guī)定納入刑法體系,作為一種在一定期限內將犯罪人與相關職業(yè)相隔離的法律制度,職業(yè)禁止的主要功能在于預防職業(yè)犯罪的再次發(fā)生,保護社會法益免受職業(yè)犯罪的再次侵害。然而由于《刑法修正案(九)》規(guī)定內容較為簡略,因此學界對職業(yè)禁止的性質仍有爭議,該規(guī)定適用的具體條件也不明晰,同時司法適用中也存在著很多問題,故而有必要對該制度進行全面深入研究。有鑒于此,論文在借鑒他人研究成果以及實證分析的基礎上對我國刑法中的職業(yè)禁止進行了系統(tǒng)研究。本文由四部分組成:第一部分為職業(yè)禁止的概述。該部分開篇介紹了職業(yè)禁止的概念,明確了職業(yè)禁止的特點,在追溯我國職業(yè)禁止歷史沿革的基礎上,重點闡述了職業(yè)禁止的立法價值,指出職業(yè)禁止的設立將有利于實現(xiàn)對職業(yè)犯罪的特殊預防、一般預防以及對社會法益的進一步保護。第二部分探討了職業(yè)禁止的法律性質。目前職業(yè)禁止的性質尚無定論,理論上有資格刑說、非刑罰處罰措施說和保安處分說三種代表性觀點。對比發(fā)現(xiàn),職業(yè)禁止不符合資格刑與非刑罰處罰措施的特征,相反從其適用的目的、條件和與刑罰的關系上看,都更接近于保安處分,故其不屬于資格刑抑或非刑罰處罰措施,而宜理解為是一種實質上的保安處分。第三部分闡述了職業(yè)禁止的適用條件。該部分從職業(yè)禁止適用的對象條件、實質條件、刑罰條件三個方面對職業(yè)禁止條款進行了解析。對象條件重在把握利用職業(yè)便利實施犯罪和違背特定職業(yè)義務的內涵和外延;實質條件包括犯罪情況和預防再犯罪需要的界定問題;刑罰條件則主要解決被判處管制、附加刑以及緩刑期滿后能否適用職業(yè)禁止的爭議問題。第四部分在實證考察的基礎上,分析指出我國當前職業(yè)禁止司法適用中存在的問題并提出解決對策。司法適用中職業(yè)禁止易與禁止令相混淆,違反從舊兼從輕原則予以適用的情況時有發(fā)生,其適用領域過于狹窄,適用程序不夠明確,且法條第三款“從其規(guī)定”如何適用也存在諸多爭議。有鑒于此,必須明確區(qū)分職業(yè)禁止與禁止令,禁止職業(yè)禁止的溯及適用,擴大其司法適用范圍,同時構建出職業(yè)禁止的適用程序,并嚴格把握“從其規(guī)定”的內容。
[Abstract]:The first Article of the Amendment to the Criminal Law (9) incorporates the provisions of occupational prohibition into the criminal law system. As a legal system that separates the offender from the relevant profession within a certain period of time, the main function of the occupational prohibition is to prevent the recurrence of professional crime. However, since the content of the Criminal Law Amendment (9) is relatively simple, the nature of the occupational prohibition is still controversial in academic circles, and the specific conditions for the application of this provision are not clear. At the same time, there are many problems in the application of justice, so it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study of the system. Based on the research results of others and the empirical analysis, the thesis makes a systematic study of occupational prohibition in criminal law of our country. This paper is composed of four parts: the first part is an overview of occupational prohibition. The concept of occupational prohibition, This paper clarifies the characteristics of occupational prohibition, on the basis of tracing back to the history of occupational prohibition in our country, expounds emphatically the legislative value of occupational prohibition, and points out that the establishment of occupational prohibition will help to realize the special prevention of occupational crime. General prevention and further protection of social legal interests. The second part discusses the legal nature of occupational prohibition. At present, there is no conclusion on the nature of occupational prohibition. There are three representative points of view: the theory of non-penalty punishment and the theory of security measure. By contrast, it is found that the occupational prohibition does not accord with the characteristics of qualification penalty and non-penalty punishment, on the contrary, from the point of view of the purpose, condition and the relation with penalty, Are closer to security measures, so they are not qualified punishment or non-criminal punishment. The third part expounds the applicable conditions of occupational prohibition. The article analyzes the occupational prohibition clause from three aspects of penalty conditions. The object condition is to grasp the connotation and extension of using professional convenience to commit crimes and violate specific professional obligations. The substantive conditions include the definition of the crime situation and the need to prevent recidivism, while the penalty conditions mainly solve the dispute of whether the occupational prohibition can be applied after the expiration of the suspended sentence, and whether the supplementary punishment can be applied after the expiration of the probation. Part four is based on the empirical investigation. This paper points out the problems existing in the judicial application of the current occupational prohibition in China and puts forward some countermeasures. The prohibition of the vocational profession in the judicial application is easily confused with the prohibition order, and the violation of the old and light principle of application occurs from time to time. The scope of application is too narrow, the procedure for application is not clear enough, and there are many disputes over how the third paragraph of the law "from its provisions" applies. In view of this, a clear distinction must be made between the prohibition of occupation and the prohibition of the retroactive application of the prohibition of occupation. At the same time, the application procedure of occupational prohibition is constructed, and the content of "from its provisions" is strictly grasped.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924

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本文編號：1697973