本文選題：被執(zhí)行人 + 異議權(quán)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在民事執(zhí)行程序中，當(dāng)負(fù)有履行給付義務(wù)的被執(zhí)行人履行不能時(shí)，追加與變更與被執(zhí)行人有關(guān)聯(lián)性的第三人為被執(zhí)行人是執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)常常采取的執(zhí)行措施。追加與變更被執(zhí)行人可以緩解“執(zhí)行難”，提高執(zhí)行效率，節(jié)約訴訟成本，提高執(zhí)行案件的執(zhí)結(jié)率。然而，由于追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人沒有參與到案件的審理當(dāng)中就被處分了實(shí)體權(quán)益，因此，追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人向法院提出執(zhí)行異議、復(fù)議乃至信訪，也是在執(zhí)行工作實(shí)踐中經(jīng)常遇到的問題。隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步，人民群眾的維權(quán)意識(shí)、法律意識(shí)不斷增強(qiáng)，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民事訴訟法及其司法解釋對(duì)追加與變更被執(zhí)行人的列舉式規(guī)定已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)司法實(shí)踐的需要。追加與變更被執(zhí)行人的法律規(guī)定過于原則化、操作程序的缺失、連續(xù)追加等問題，使得各地法院追加與變更被執(zhí)行人時(shí)在認(rèn)識(shí)上和操作上存在著差異，這種差異導(dǎo)致同一地區(qū)的不同法院在相同案情的情況下，出現(xiàn)了追加與變更不同的第三人為被執(zhí)行人的情形。如何保護(hù)追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人的合法權(quán)益，我國(guó)2007年修改的民事訴訟法賦予了執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人針對(duì)執(zhí)行行為的救濟(jì)權(quán)利，即異議與復(fù)議權(quán)，追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人作為執(zhí)行程序中后加入的執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人，針對(duì)執(zhí)行法院作出的追加與變更行為有提出執(zhí)行異議和復(fù)議的權(quán)利。由于執(zhí)行異議、復(fù)議是執(zhí)行程序中的審查程序，故2007年修改的民事訴訟法只從程序上為追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人提供了權(quán)利救濟(jì)。我國(guó)2012年新修改的民事訴訟法規(guī)定案外第三人對(duì)已發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定、調(diào)解書可以提起民事訴訟，追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人作為案外的第三人也應(yīng)享有提起訴訟的權(quán)利，此即追加與變更的被執(zhí)行人實(shí)體上的權(quán)利救濟(jì)途徑。在司法實(shí)踐中，由于民事訴訟法未對(duì)追加與變更被執(zhí)行人的權(quán)利救濟(jì)作出統(tǒng)一明確的規(guī)定，導(dǎo)致涉執(zhí)信訪案件的攀升。如何從源頭上規(guī)范追加與變更被執(zhí)行人制度，以程序公正達(dá)到實(shí)體的公正，是理論界和實(shí)踐界共同探討的問題。本文從追加與變更被執(zhí)行人的概念、法理基礎(chǔ)入手，列舉了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行關(guān)于追加與變更被執(zhí)行人及其權(quán)利救濟(jì)的法律、法規(guī)，并結(jié)合工作實(shí)踐，通過案例分析的形式，就司法實(shí)踐中追加與變更被執(zhí)行人存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題展開深入剖析，提出完善我國(guó)追加與變更被執(zhí)行人制度的相應(yīng)建議，以期減少涉執(zhí)信訪案件的發(fā)生，維護(hù)司法權(quán)威。
[Abstract]:In the civil execution procedure, when the executor is not able to perform the obligation to fulfill the obligation, the third person who is involved with the change and the executor is the executive measure often adopted by the executive agency. The addition and change of the executor can alleviate the "difficulty of execution", improve the efficiency of execution, save the cost of litigation and raise the execution. However, as the appended and changed executors are not involved in the trial of the case, they are displaced from the substantive rights and interests of the case. Therefore, the appended and altered executors put forward the objection, reconsideration and even petition to the court, which are often encountered in the implementation of the work practice. The current civil procedure law and its judicial interpretation of our country are far from the need of the judicial practice. The legal provisions of the addition and alteration of the executor are too principled, the lack of operating procedures and continuous addition, which make the courts all over the court chased. There are differences in cognition and operation between the addition and change of the executor. This difference leads to the situation of the third people who have been added and changed in the same case in the same area. How to protect the lawful rights and interests of the executor who have been added and changed, the civil action amended in 2007 in China The law gives the litigant the right of relief for the execution of the execution, that is, the right of objection and reconsideration, and the executor added and changed as the executive party after the execution procedure, and has the right to execute the objection and reconsideration for the execution of the additional and altered acts made by the Executive court. As a result of the procedure, the civil procedure law amended in 2007 only provides the rights relief for the executor who has been added and changed. In 2012, the newly amended civil procedure law of China stipulates that third persons in the case of legal effect have been legally effective, and that the conciliation statement may bring civil action, and the appended and altered executor will be the part of the case. The three people should also enjoy the right to bring a lawsuit, which is the right relief approach to the entity of the appended and altered persons. In the judicial practice, the civil procedure law does not make a unified and clear provision on the rights relief of the appended and alteration of the executor, which leads to the rise of the cases of the petition. The executive person system, in order to achieve justice by procedural justice, is a common problem between the theoretical and practical circles. This article, starting with the concept and legal basis of the addition and alteration of the executor, enumerates the current laws and regulations on the addition and modification of the executor and its rights relief, and combines the work practice, and through the case analysis. In order to reduce the occurrence of the cases involving the petition and the authority of the judiciary, the author makes a thorough analysis of the actual problems existing in the judicial practice of adding and changing the executor, and puts forward the corresponding suggestions to improve the system of adding and changing the executor in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1

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