本文選題：刑罰執(zhí)行　切入點：被害人缺位　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自國家攫取刑罰權(quán)以來,被害人逐漸被刑事司法系統(tǒng)所遺忘,雖然象征性地參與刑事案件的審判程序,但是在刑罰執(zhí)行中卻再難以見到被害人的影子。被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行程序理當是制度體系內(nèi)部完整的必然要求,但現(xiàn)狀是被害人在刑罰執(zhí)行中的參與權(quán)單單被忽視,這種由國家壟斷刑罰執(zhí)行的傳統(tǒng)模式,在國家剛性的掩映下,并未賦予被害人在刑罰執(zhí)行中的主體性地位,忽略了被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行的制度機制。本著“被害人始終在場”的刑法理念,被害人亦不應(yīng)無端缺席刑罰執(zhí)行。為系統(tǒng)性論證被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行制度,本文結(jié)合對被害人缺位刑罰執(zhí)行原因和弊端的分析,通過理論依據(jù)和國內(nèi)外實踐經(jīng)驗予以支持,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行的制度設(shè)計,以期形成對該制度的完整認知。 首先,本文從歷史遺留影響、犯罪性質(zhì)定位和犯罪目的的局限性三方面對被害人缺位刑罰執(zhí)行的背景進行分析；并進一步分析這種制度缺位的弊端：(1)被害人處于這種制度正義實現(xiàn)的傳統(tǒng)模式中,主體性的地位難以保障,并且容易導(dǎo)致被害的加深；(2)犯罪人在“向國家”履行完刑罰義務(wù)之后,卻仍然難以復(fù)歸到一個沒有仇恨的社會；(3)由于公權(quán)力習(xí)慣性地忽視被害人在刑罰執(zhí)行中的參與權(quán),從長遠的角度看,這種制度內(nèi)的不完善已經(jīng)影響到刑罰執(zhí)行社會效果的實現(xiàn)。被害人與犯罪人之間的“糾紛解決方式”在國家干預(yù)下,已經(jīng)逐步背離了定紛止爭的最原始色彩,甚至是說,最后所剩下的就僅僅是國家強制下最濃墨重彩的一筆。 其次,本文通過相關(guān)理論依據(jù)和實踐經(jīng)驗對被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行制度進行論證。社會契約論、主體性理論、人權(quán)保障理論、恢復(fù)正義理論等,為被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行提供理論證成；國內(nèi)外的一些司法實踐,如英國的“無花果樹計劃”等都已經(jīng)初步表現(xiàn)出這一制度的現(xiàn)實意義。 最后,本文提出被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行的制度設(shè)計,以期在國家強制與被害人的彈性參與之間建構(gòu)制度支持,從而彌補現(xiàn)行刑罰執(zhí)行中的稍許單調(diào)。為此,需要體系性構(gòu)建被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行制度。被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行需要各種制度予以銜接,以保證制度內(nèi)部的緊密性。結(jié)合監(jiān)禁刑和非監(jiān)禁刑的特點,在監(jiān)禁刑執(zhí)行的參與中注重參與前的告知、參與中敘說理論的引入、參與中與假定工資制的結(jié)合、參與后效果的評估；在非監(jiān)禁刑中注重社區(qū)矯正中的參與監(jiān)督。在更深層次意義上探索執(zhí)行過程中和解制度,既是對被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行制度的深入挖掘,又是對現(xiàn)行刑事和解制度的合理延伸,在這一意義上講,刑事和解制度與被害人參與刑罰執(zhí)行制度找到了完美的契合點。在與現(xiàn)有的執(zhí)行制度并行不悖的前提下,最大限度發(fā)揮其寬緩靈活的優(yōu)勢,從而豐富現(xiàn)有的刑罰執(zhí)行制度的內(nèi)容,使得刑法的生命力在刑罰執(zhí)行階段真正活躍起來。 被害人參與刑罰的執(zhí)行既能保證被害人的主體性地位,又能為刑罰改造注入靈活、機動的成分,既注重對罪犯的心理挽救,又能以前瞻性的視角修復(fù)受損的社會機能,實現(xiàn)法律效果和社會效果的統(tǒng)一。為現(xiàn)行的刑罰執(zhí)行的剛性強制注入寬緩、人文之因素,使得刑罰的謙抑性在當事人的手中得到完美、生動的詮釋。在形成對國家公權(quán)力的監(jiān)督與制約的機制的同時,又不失是對國家剛性棱角鮮明的雕磨與修飾,基于此,刑罰執(zhí)行才能真正擔(dān)起這份沉甸甸的社會責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The victim ' s participation in the execution of punishment has been neglected , but the present situation is that the victim ' s participation right in the execution of the sentence is ignored . In the light of the criminal law idea of the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence , the victim does not give the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence . In the light of the criminal law idea of the victim ' s absence , the article gives the support to the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence . On the basis of this , the author puts forward the system design of the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence , with a view to forming the complete cognition of the system .

Firstly , this paper analyzes the background of the execution of the victim ' s absence penalty from the three aspects of the historical legacy , the nature of the crime and the limitation of the criminal purpose .
The disadvantage of this system is further analyzed : ( 1 ) The victim is in the traditional mode of the realization of the system justice , the position of the subjectivity is difficult to guarantee , and it is apt to lead to the deepening of the victim ;
( 2 ) After the perpetrator has fulfilled its penal obligations to the State , it is still difficult to return to a society free of hatred ;
( 3 ) Due to the habitual neglect of the right of the victim to participate in the execution of the sentence , the imperfection in this system has affected the realization of the social effect of the penalty in the long run .

Secondly , this paper proves the victim ' s participation in the execution system of penalty through relevant theoretical basis and practical experience . The theory of social contract , the theory of subjectivity , the theory of human rights guarantee , the theory of restoration of justice , etc . , provides theoretical evidence for the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence .
Some judicial practices at home and abroad , such as the " Wuhua Fruit Tree Program " in the United Kingdom , have shown the practical significance of this system .

Finally , this paper puts forward the system design of the victim ' s participation in the execution of the sentence , so as to construct the system support between the national compulsory and the victim ' s elastic participation , so as to make up for the slight monotony in the execution of the current penalty . To this end , it is necessary to construct the victim ' s participation in the execution system of the sentence .
In this sense , the criminal reconciliation system and the victim ' s participation in the system of penalty enforcement have found a perfect fit . In this sense , the criminal reconciliation system and the victim ' s participation in the penalty execution system have found a perfect fit . In this sense , the content of the existing criminal justice system is enriched , so that the vitality of the criminal law is really active in the execution stage of the sentence .

The implementation of the victim ' s participation in the punishment can not only guarantee the subjective status of the victim , but also inject the flexible and mobile components into the reform and injection of the penalty . It pays attention to the psychological salvage of the criminals and the unification of the legal effect and social effect .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 張旭東;;刑事和解制度研究[J];北京化工大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2007年04期

2 孫平;監(jiān)獄亞文化研究[J];法律科學(xué)(西北政法學(xué)院學(xué)報);1991年04期

3 商志超;刑事被害人補償芻議[J];西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年02期

4 劉軍;;被害人參與量刑的理論與實踐[J];法學(xué)論壇;2009年06期

5 劉軍;;論罪刑之該當性[J];法學(xué)論壇;2011年01期

6 耿開君;中國亟待建立修復(fù)正義的觀念與實踐體系[J];探索與爭鳴;2004年11期

7 向朝陽,馬靜華;刑事和解的價值構(gòu)造及中國模式的構(gòu)建[J];中國法學(xué);2003年06期

，

本文編號：1679746