發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-11 06:39

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民事訴訟 弱勢(shì)群體 訴權(quán) 法律援助 小額訴訟　出處：《沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：弱勢(shì)群體的訴訟權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)行的民事訴訟存在著種種矛盾，由于在經(jīng)濟(jì)收入、社會(huì)地位、權(quán)益維護(hù)及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力等多方面存在不足，因而在民事訴訟行為能力上出現(xiàn)了一定差距，不能有效履行訴訟義務(wù)及行使訴訟權(quán)利，在訴訟上往往處于不利地位。 為什么弱勢(shì)群體在訴訟過(guò)程中往往遭遇訴訟程序的壁壘，造成其難以適應(yīng)訴訟，最終自己的權(quán)益無(wú)法得到保護(hù)？筆者總結(jié)了弱勢(shì)群體的含義和成因，從自然原因、城鄉(xiāng)二元戶(hù)籍制度、信息的不對(duì)稱(chēng)、社會(huì)身份和社會(huì)地位的懸殊差距等方面解釋了其形成原因。闡述了弱勢(shì)群體的訴訟權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)行的民事訴訟存在著種種矛盾，，如訴訟的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與心理素質(zhì)的脆弱性、擴(kuò)散性與訴訟的高成本和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的貧困性以及訴訟的專(zhuān)業(yè)化與法律知識(shí)的貧乏性等等之間存在明顯矛盾。弱勢(shì)群體的訴權(quán)應(yīng)得到民事訴訟保護(hù)就必須從理論基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義來(lái)分析和闡明。保護(hù)弱勢(shì)群體，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平，既是法律原則的要求，也是社會(huì)和諧國(guó)家安定的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要；不僅僅是實(shí)現(xiàn)形式上的平等，也要實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)上的平等，不僅是程序上的平等，也要包括結(jié)果上的平等，同時(shí)也是司法公正的要求。 本文還分析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)有弱勢(shì)群體保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀和缺失，宏觀總結(jié)了訴前、訴中和訴訟后訴權(quán)保護(hù)缺失的表現(xiàn)為行使訴訟權(quán)利之偏差、獲得法律幫助之架空、接近訴訟之困難、訴訟費(fèi)用之分擔(dān)、生效裁判執(zhí)行之頑疾。微觀分析的原因主要表現(xiàn)為法官釋明權(quán)的缺位、法律援助制度的立法缺失、當(dāng)事人證據(jù)收集權(quán)利的弱化等，總結(jié)了民事訴訟弱勢(shì)群體訴訟權(quán)利保護(hù)中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題和技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。最后基于此提出對(duì)應(yīng)制度措施，即在訴前準(zhǔn)備程序中訴訟進(jìn)程中以及訴訟終結(jié)后弱勢(shì)群體的訴權(quán)保護(hù)，最終制度和完善相應(yīng)的執(zhí)行程序。
[Abstract]:There are various contradictions between the realization of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups and the current civil litigation, due to the deficiencies in economic income, social status, rights and interests maintenance and competitiveness, etc. Therefore, there is a certain gap in the capacity of civil litigation, which can not effectively fulfill the litigation obligations and exercise litigation rights, and is often in a disadvantageous position in litigation. Why is it that the vulnerable groups often encounter barriers in the litigation process, which makes it difficult for them to adapt to litigation and ultimately their rights and interests cannot be protected? The author summarizes the meaning and causes of vulnerable groups, from the natural reasons, urban and rural dual household registration system, information asymmetry, This paper explains the causes of the gap between social identity and social status, and expounds the contradiction between the realization of litigation rights of vulnerable groups and the current civil litigation, such as the high risk of litigation and the fragility of psychological quality. There are obvious contradictions between diffusivity and high cost of litigation, poverty of economic benefit, specialization of litigation and lack of legal knowledge, etc. The right of action of vulnerable groups should be protected by civil action on the basis of theory. Basic and practical significance to analyze and elucidate the protection of vulnerable groups, The realization of social justice is not only the requirement of legal principle, but also the realistic need of social harmonious country stability; it is not only the realization of formal equality, but also the realization of substantive equality, not only procedural equality, It should also include the equality of results, but also the requirements of judicial justice. This paper also analyzes the current situation and deficiency of the protection of vulnerable groups in our country, and summarizes macroscopically the lack of protection of the right of action before, in litigation and after litigation, which is manifested by the deviation of exercising litigation rights, the establishment of legal help, and the difficulty of approaching litigation. The main reasons of microcosmic analysis are the absence of the judge's right of interpretation, the lack of legislation of the legal aid system, the weakening of the party's right to collect evidence, etc. This paper summarizes the key problems and technical difficulties in the protection of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups in civil litigation. Finally, the corresponding system measures are put forward, that is, the protection of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups in the proceedings before and after the termination of the proceedings. Final system and perfect corresponding execution procedure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.1

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