【摘要】：《中華人民共和國海商法》下的"天災、海難"免責抗辯不應等同于"不可抗力"抗辯。對臺風免責抗辯的司法審查,"不可預見性"不應作為決定因素,重點要審查海況的惡劣程度是否屬于正常的海上風險。風力及持續(xù)時間、浪高及船舶噸位是兩組重要的指標,能見度、橫搖角度以及本船及附近他船的受損程度等可以作為輔助指標。"天災、海難"免責抗辯常與船舶適航性、管貨義務及管理和駕駛船舶過失等問題交織在一起,在認定海況是否構成"天災、海難"之后,還要進一步審查因果關系,在多種原因共同作用的情況下,應按照各原因力的比例判定責任承擔。
[Abstract]:Under the Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China, the defense of "natural disaster, maritime disaster" should not be equal to "force majeure". "unpredictability" should not be taken as a decisive factor in the judicial review of typhoon immunity defense. The emphasis should be placed on whether the bad degree of sea condition is a normal marine risk. Wind and duration, wave height and ship tonnage are two important indicators. Visibility, roll angle and damage to the ship and other ships nearby can be used as supplementary indicators. " The defense of exemption from natural disasters and shipwrecks is often intertwined with such issues as the seaworthiness of ships, the duty to manage cargo, and the fault of managing and navigating ships. After determining whether sea conditions constitute "natural disasters, shipwrecks," they also need to further examine the causal relationship. In the case of joint action of various causes, the responsibility should be determined according to the proportion of the force of each reason.
【作者單位】： 上海海事法院海商庭;
【分類號】：D922.294
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本文編號：2193729