本文選題：強制性規(guī)范 + 規(guī)范目的�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國法律規(guī)范的逐漸完善,中國民法的發(fā)展將進入到第二階段—法律的解釋與適用階段。王澤鑒先生說：真正法律的發(fā)展是法律的適用。因此,對法律規(guī)范的解釋將是今后很長時間的主要研究方向。作為一個民商法專業(yè)的學(xué)生,最重要的亦是要學(xué)會法律的解釋技術(shù),強制性規(guī)范的適用無疑是連接這一理論與實踐技術(shù)的重要媒介。而強制性規(guī)范與合同效力的關(guān)系一直是民法中的熱點和難點問題,其涉及如何看待公法和私法關(guān)系的問題,涉及司法實踐中違反強制性規(guī)范的合同效力如何解釋的問題。因此,研究這一問題具有的重要理論和實踐意義。 本文從強制性規(guī)范的內(nèi)涵與外延入手,以《合同法》第52條第5項為中心,比較、總結(jié)并評析了國外和臺灣地區(qū)對違反強制性規(guī)范的合同效力的研究現(xiàn)狀,指出其可借鑒之處,進而對我國強制性規(guī)范的解釋與適用提出了自己的觀點。全文分為三個部分：第一部分：強制性規(guī)范的界定；第二部分：強制性規(guī)范與合同效力的比較法研究；第三部分：我國強制性規(guī)范的解釋與適用。 第一部分：強制性規(guī)范的界定。本部分由三個部分組成。首先是強制性規(guī)范的內(nèi)涵。其次是強制性規(guī)范的外延,《合同法》第52條第5項所指的強制性規(guī)定包括公法上的強制性規(guī)定和私法上的強制性規(guī)定,但基于該條的引致作用和法律適用的邏輯,其所指的強制性規(guī)范主要是公法上的強制性規(guī)范,這也是本文主要研究的對象。再次是強制性規(guī)范的法源位階,筆者認為現(xiàn)階段有采取位階說的必要,并認為憲法非強制性規(guī)范的直接法源,對于最高院的司法解釋的地位問題,解決方式是將法律解釋權(quán)賦予最高院。 第二部分：強制性規(guī)范與合同效力的比較法研究。本部分通過運用比較法的研究方法,依次介紹了德國、日本、英美國家和臺灣地區(qū)的研究現(xiàn)狀,并做了總結(jié)和評析。在德國影響力最大的是規(guī)范目的說；在日本研究最有影響力的是以綜合判斷說為前提的經(jīng)濟公序說和基本權(quán)保護說；在英國和美國,判斷違法合同的效力的方法是將合同利益與公共政策進行利益衡量；在臺灣最有深度的是蘇永欽教授所引入的德國理論界和實務(wù)界的處理方式。 第三部分：我國強制性規(guī)范的解釋與適用。本部分主要有三個部分組成。 第一,我國學(xué)者的研究現(xiàn)狀與評析。我國學(xué)者多是在認定《合同法》第52條第5項為概括條款的前提下進行的探討。有深度的是沿著規(guī)范目的說和基本權(quán)保護說進行的研究。學(xué)界已取得了諸多共識：違反強制性規(guī)范的合同不一定無效；在判定合同效力上要探究規(guī)范目的、進行利益衡量；防止國家過度干預(yù)合同自由等。但就如何探究規(guī)范目的、強制性規(guī)范與公序良俗為何種關(guān)系,如何限制國家干預(yù)等問題的研究有待深入。 第二,公法與私法相對分離法理觀。強制性規(guī)范與合同效力背后隱含的是公法與私法的關(guān)系及其功能。筆者秉持公法與私法相對分離的法理觀,筆者認為法律的終極追求是自由,而自由的界限在法律上的體現(xiàn)是強制性規(guī)范,公法與私法背后的共同價值追求—自由構(gòu)成了限制法律行為正當性的理由。 第三,強制性規(guī)范的解釋與適用。首先是強制性規(guī)范的識別,其標準最終還是要取決于規(guī)范目的。對于規(guī)范目的,應(yīng)以客觀目的為主,主觀目的為輔。探索規(guī)范目的的方法,應(yīng)從具體法法律關(guān)系涉及的部門法入手,以官方發(fā)布的釋義性文件為補充。其次,在利益衡量方法部分,筆者探討了強制性規(guī)范與公序良俗的關(guān)系,筆者認為,現(xiàn)階段對二者應(yīng)作二元論把握；利益衡量的場域應(yīng)是具體的案件或者法律關(guān)系。再次是強制性規(guī)范干預(yù)法律行為的判斷,通過本文第二部分對比較法的評析,綜合判斷是必走的路徑,限制干預(yù)法律行為程度有效的方法是比例說,筆者將二者合并稱為實體控制和程序控制；微觀上,履行與否應(yīng)作為認定違反強制性規(guī)范合同效力的重要考量因素；在縱向上,違反強制性規(guī)范合同的效力的判斷可分為三個層次。本文最終的落腳點是強制性規(guī)范的適用基礎(chǔ),即《合同法》第52條第5項以及以及《合同法司法解釋二》第14條,無論合同是有效、無效還是介于二者之間的中間狀態(tài)都是對該兩條解釋的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the gradual perfection of the legal norms of our country , the development of Chinese civil law will enter the second stage - the interpretation and application of law .

Based on the connotation and extension of the peremptory norm , the article compares , summarizes and evaluates the research status of the contract effect of the foreign and Taiwan areas on the breach of the peremptory norm , points out that it can be used for reference , and then puts forward its own views on the interpretation and application of the compulsory norms in China . The whole is divided into three parts : Part I : Definition of peremptory norm ;
The second part : the comparison of the mandatory norms and the contract effect ;
Part three : The interpretation and application of compulsory norms in China .

The first part is the definition of the peremptory norm . This part consists of three parts . Firstly , it is the connotation of the peremptory norm . The second is the extension of the peremptory norm . The compulsory regulation referred to in Article 52 ( 5 ) of the Contract Law includes the compulsory regulation in public law and the mandatory regulation in private law . It is also the subject of compulsory norm .

The second part is the comparative law study of the mandatory norms and the contract effect . This part introduces the current situation of research in Germany , Japan , British and American countries and Taiwan by applying the comparative method , and summarizes and analyzes the research situation in Germany , Japan , British and American countries and Taiwan .
The most influential in Japanese research is economic public order theory and basic right protection theory based on comprehensive judgment .
In the UK and the United States , the method of judging the effectiveness of the illegal contract is to measure the interests of the contract with the public policy ;
The most advanced in Taiwan is the treatment of German theory and practice bound by Professor Su Yongqin .

Part three : The interpretation and application of the mandatory norms in China . This part mainly consists of three parts .

First , the present situation and analysis of Chinese scholar ' s research . There are many scholars in our country on the premise that the article 52 , paragraph 5 , of the contract law is considered as the general clause . There is a lot of consensus that the contract of breach of the peremptory norm is not necessarily null and void ;
To determine the validity of the contract , to explore the purpose of the specification and to carry out the benefit measurement ;
The study of how to restrict the state intervention is to be deepened in terms of how to explore the relationship between the normative purpose , the mandatory norms and the public order , and how to restrict the state intervention .

The author holds that the ultimate pursuit of law is freedom , and the limitation of freedom is the common value pursuit behind the mandatory norms , public law and private law .

Third , the interpretation and application of the peremptory norm . Firstly , it is the identification of the peremptory norm , its standard should ultimately depend on the purpose of the specification . For the purpose of the specification , it should be based on the objective purpose and the subjective purpose . Secondly , in the part of the method of the measurement of interest , the author discusses the relation between the compulsory norm and the public order .
The field of interest measurement should be a specific case or legal relationship . Again , it is the judgment of the compulsory norms to intervene the legal act . Through the second part of this article , the judgment of comparative law is made , the comprehensive judgment is the path which will be taken , the method of restricting the degree of the intervention legal action is proportional , the author combines them as entity control and program control ;
On the microscopic level , the performance of the contract should be regarded as an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the compulsory standard contract .
In the longitudinal direction , the judgment of breach of compulsory norms contract can be divided into three levels . The final foothold in this paper is the application basis of the mandatory norm , namely , Article 52 ( 5 ) of the Contract Law , and Article 14 of the judicial interpretation of the Contract Law , whether the contract is valid or invalid or the intermediate state between them is the result of the two interpretation .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 李彪;《建設(shè)工程工程量清單計價規(guī)范》對合同的強制力研究[D];天津理工大學(xué);2012年

2 陳欣;保險人的共同海損、救助報酬、施救費用賠償責(zé)任研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

3 李若愚;保底條款效力研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2012年

4 朱倩倩;論違反強制性規(guī)定的合同效力[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2107937