本文選題：拒絕委付 + 明示拒絕�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：委付是海上保險(xiǎn)法中一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容,從古時(shí)發(fā)展至今,已逐漸走向成熟,得到普遍的確認(rèn)和適用,在促進(jìn)海上運(yùn)輸以及經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易往來方面發(fā)揮了極為重要的作用。世界上很多國(guó)家的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)均對(duì)委付作了規(guī)定,但各國(guó)的規(guī)定各有其特色。同時(shí),很多國(guó)家之間相互借鑒委付的法律規(guī)定,委付的內(nèi)容沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。英美法系和大陸法系的學(xué)者對(duì)于委付的認(rèn)識(shí)也大相徑庭。 很多國(guó)家對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人接受委付后的相關(guān)法律問題規(guī)定的比較明確,而對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付后的相關(guān)法律問題,規(guī)定得比較模糊,實(shí)踐中導(dǎo)致諸多問題。本文以保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付為前提,根據(jù)我國(guó)法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定,通過對(duì)世界各國(guó)不同法系相關(guān)立法的比較,探討保險(xiǎn)人拒絕委付的相關(guān)法律問題,以期對(duì)于該問題有一個(gè)比較清晰的闡述。 本文的第一部分為委付的概述,是本文最基本的理論問題。該部分介紹了委付在中英文不同語言環(huán)境下的含義以及海商法中的含義,探討了委付的構(gòu)成要件以及委付的效力,即保險(xiǎn)人接受委付后所產(chǎn)生的法律后果。 第二部分為保險(xiǎn)人拒絕委付的表現(xiàn)形式,介紹了保險(xiǎn)人以明示的方式拒絕委付和保險(xiǎn)人的沉默。重點(diǎn)討論保險(xiǎn)人是否有權(quán)保持沉默,保險(xiǎn)人沉默的法律后果以及對(duì)于“合理時(shí)間”和沉默之間關(guān)系的解讀。 第三部分為保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付的法律效力,分別介紹保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付后保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的所有權(quán)歸屬,保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的上的債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移以及債務(wù)承擔(dān)。在所有權(quán)歸屬方面分別探討了保險(xiǎn)人在作出部分損失和全部損失賠償下保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的所有權(quán)歸屬,在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的上債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移方面介紹了續(xù)運(yùn)費(fèi)用請(qǐng)求權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移和代位求償權(quán)的行使；在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的上的債務(wù)承擔(dān)方面介紹了基于合同產(chǎn)生的債務(wù)承擔(dān)和基于侵權(quán)產(chǎn)生的債務(wù)承擔(dān)。 第四部分提出我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)中委付的相關(guān)修改完善建議,討論了委付相關(guān)條款修改的必要性以及對(duì)于相關(guān)的條款進(jìn)行建議性地完善,以期全面準(zhǔn)確地呈現(xiàn)保險(xiǎn)人拒絕接受委付可能出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)法律問題,對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》中委付的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一定地充實(shí)。
[Abstract]:Abandonment is a unique content in marine insurance law. Since ancient times, it has gradually matured and been widely recognized and applied. It has played an extremely important role in promoting maritime transportation and economic and trade exchanges. The relevant laws and regulations of many countries in the world have stipulated the abandonment, but the regulations of each country have their own characteristics. At the same time, many countries refer to each other's legal provisions, the content of the abandonment is not uniform standards. Scholars in Anglo-American law system and civil law system have different views on abandonment. Many countries have more clear provisions on the relevant legal issues after the insurer accepts the abandonment, while the relevant legal issues after the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment are rather vague, leading to many problems in practice. Based on the premise of the insurer's refusal to accept the abandonment, according to the relevant provisions of Chinese law, this paper discusses the relevant legal issues of the insurer's refusal to surrender through the comparison of the relevant legislation of different legal systems in various countries around the world. With a view to this issue has a relatively clear elaboration. The first part of this paper is an overview of the abandonment, which is the most basic theoretical problem of this paper. This part introduces the meaning of abandonment in different English and Chinese language environment and the meaning of maritime law, and discusses the constitutive requirements and the effect of abandonment, that is, the legal consequences of the insurer after accepting the abandonment. The second part is the form of the insurer's refusal to surrender, which introduces the insurer's express refusal to surrender and the insurer's silence. This paper focuses on whether the insurer has the right to remain silent, the legal consequences of the insurer's silence and the interpretation of the relationship between "reasonable time" and silence. The third part is the legal effect of the insurer's refusal to accept the abandonment, respectively introducing the ownership of the subject matter of insurance after the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment, the transfer of creditor's rights on the subject matter of insurance and the commitment of debt. In the aspect of ownership attribution, this paper discusses the ownership of the insured subject matter under partial loss and total loss compensation, and introduces the transfer of claim for continued freight and the exercise of subrogation right in the transfer of creditor's rights on the subject matter of insurance. In the aspect of liability on the subject matter of insurance, the debt commitment based on contract and liability based on infringement is introduced. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on the revision and perfection of the relevant terms of marine insurance in China, discusses the necessity of amending the relevant clauses of abandonment, and makes some suggestions to perfect the relevant clauses. The purpose of this paper is to present the relevant legal problems which may arise when the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment, and to enrich the contents of the abandonment in China's Maritime Law to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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