普通法合同相對性原則的發(fā)展及其對海上貨物運輸?shù)挠绊?/H1>
發(fā)布時間：2018-03-27 16:43
本文選題：合同相對性 切入點：海上貨物運輸 出處：《上海海事大學》2003年碩士論文
【摘要】：合同的相對性，最早起源于羅馬法中的“債的相對性”，指“債”只能對債權人和債務人產(chǎn)生拘束力。在英美法中，并不存在債的概念及體系，所以大陸法中的“債的相對性”規(guī)則在英美法中被稱為“合同的相對性”(privity of contract)。其基本內(nèi)容是：合同項下的權利義務只能賦予當事人，合同只能對合同當事人產(chǎn)生拘束力，非合同當事人不能訴請強制執(zhí)行合同。自羅馬法以來，合同相對性或債的相對性原則一直為兩大法系所確認，成為合同規(guī)則和制度的奠基石，，在債法或合同法中具有重要的地位。 然而，在海商法這樣一個特殊的法的領域，對合同相對性原則的嚴格遵守卻給商業(yè)實踐帶來了很多不便。例如：國際貨物運輸中，訂約方是發(fā)貨人／賣方和船東，買方只是個第三者，無法以提單來起訴船東，船東也無法要求買方支付滯期費；履行輔助人的第三者責任由于違反合同和侵權的不同訴因帶來完全不同的結果，使得其對自己行為的法律后果沒有穩(wěn)定而合理的預期；日益適用廣泛的海運單不能引用目前已普遍適用的提單立法等等。 為了解決實務中的這些困難，各國逐步通過各別判例及立法手段來解決合同相對性帶來的困擾。本文以“合同相對性”為主要線索，以最為有代表性的英國法律發(fā)展為例，論述法律對于合同相對性問題態(tài)度的演變、立法的發(fā)展以及因此而對海上貨物運輸實踐帶來的影響。主要通過比較分析的方法，從社會發(fā)展和商業(yè)實踐的角度來分析在海上貨物運輸過程中對于合同相對性原則應該持有態(tài)度和在實際案例中的應用方法，并對受到合同相對性原則困擾的一些問題提出自己的見解和解決問題的辦法。 我國的海商法相對于國際立法出臺較晚(1993年開始實施)，吸收了當時世界各國法律及相關國際條約的先進內(nèi)容，通過立法避免了合同相對性帶來的部分困擾，但是依然存在很多問題。它山之石，可以攻玉。在對英國法相關內(nèi)容的介紹之后，希望能夠借鑒其法律的思想，在探尋案例背后的立法目的、明確法律想要的結果之后，結合我國的實際行業(yè)狀況及已有的法律體系，制定出適合我國的最能保障行業(yè)公平和效率、促進行業(yè)良性發(fā)展的發(fā)展規(guī)范，并對我國立法提出相關建議。期望法律不是徒具語言，而是追求務實的目的，注意法律規(guī)范在適用過程中的效果，最終實現(xiàn)法律的價值。
[Abstract]:The relativity of the contract , the earliest originated from the relativity of debt in Roman law , means that " debt " can only have binding force on creditor and debtor . In the Anglo - American law , there is no concept and system of debt , so the principle of " relativity of debt " in mainland law is called " privity of contract " in Anglo - American law . Since Roman law , the principle of relativity of contract or debt has been recognized as the cornerstone of the contract rules and system , which has an important position in debt law or contract law .
However , in the field of a special law such as maritime law , strict adherence to the principle of relativity of contract has brought a lot of inconvenience to the commercial practice . For example , in the international carriage of goods , the contracting party is the consignor / seller and the owner , the buyer is only a third party , the owner cannot be sued by the bill of lading , and the owner cannot request the buyer to pay the delay period .
The third party ' s duty to fulfill the third party ' s liability for breach of contract and tort has brought completely different results , so that the legal consequences of his actions are not stable and reasonable ;
The increasing application of a wide range of maritime bills cannot refer to the currently universally applicable bill of lading legislation and so on .
In order to solve these difficulties in practice , each country has gradually adopted various jurisprudence and legislative means to solve the problems caused by the relativity of contract . In this paper , based on the " relativity of contract " as the main clue , this paper discusses the evolution of the attitude towards the relative question of contract , the development of legislation and the influence on the practice of carriage of goods by sea .
After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , the author hopes to draw lessons from the actual industry situation and the existing legal system of our country . After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , it is hoped that the legislation aim of our country will be guaranteed , the development of the industry ' s benign development can be promoted , and the relevant suggestions are put forward in our country ' s legislation .
【學位授予單位】：上海海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D913
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前5條
1 尉帥;海上貨物運輸法的適用范圍研究[D];大連海事大學;2006年
2 丁林陽;《合同法》間接代理制度與海運代理業(yè)務[D];上海海事大學;2006年
3 徐進;論“合同相對性原則”在海上貨物運輸法律關系中的突破[D];大連海事大學;2007年
4 施歌;批量合同法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學;2010年
5 楊名;論《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下的批量合同及其對我國的影響[D];大連海事大學;2013年
本文編號：1672353
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/falvlunwen/sflw/1672353.html
本文選題：合同相對性 切入點：海上貨物運輸 出處：《上海海事大學》2003年碩士論文
【摘要】：合同的相對性，最早起源于羅馬法中的“債的相對性”，指“債”只能對債權人和債務人產(chǎn)生拘束力。在英美法中，并不存在債的概念及體系，所以大陸法中的“債的相對性”規(guī)則在英美法中被稱為“合同的相對性”(privity of contract)。其基本內(nèi)容是：合同項下的權利義務只能賦予當事人，合同只能對合同當事人產(chǎn)生拘束力，非合同當事人不能訴請強制執(zhí)行合同。自羅馬法以來，合同相對性或債的相對性原則一直為兩大法系所確認，成為合同規(guī)則和制度的奠基石，，在債法或合同法中具有重要的地位。 然而，在海商法這樣一個特殊的法的領域，對合同相對性原則的嚴格遵守卻給商業(yè)實踐帶來了很多不便。例如：國際貨物運輸中，訂約方是發(fā)貨人／賣方和船東，買方只是個第三者，無法以提單來起訴船東，船東也無法要求買方支付滯期費；履行輔助人的第三者責任由于違反合同和侵權的不同訴因帶來完全不同的結果，使得其對自己行為的法律后果沒有穩(wěn)定而合理的預期；日益適用廣泛的海運單不能引用目前已普遍適用的提單立法等等。 為了解決實務中的這些困難，各國逐步通過各別判例及立法手段來解決合同相對性帶來的困擾。本文以“合同相對性”為主要線索，以最為有代表性的英國法律發(fā)展為例，論述法律對于合同相對性問題態(tài)度的演變、立法的發(fā)展以及因此而對海上貨物運輸實踐帶來的影響。主要通過比較分析的方法，從社會發(fā)展和商業(yè)實踐的角度來分析在海上貨物運輸過程中對于合同相對性原則應該持有態(tài)度和在實際案例中的應用方法，并對受到合同相對性原則困擾的一些問題提出自己的見解和解決問題的辦法。 我國的海商法相對于國際立法出臺較晚(1993年開始實施)，吸收了當時世界各國法律及相關國際條約的先進內(nèi)容，通過立法避免了合同相對性帶來的部分困擾，但是依然存在很多問題。它山之石，可以攻玉。在對英國法相關內(nèi)容的介紹之后，希望能夠借鑒其法律的思想，在探尋案例背后的立法目的、明確法律想要的結果之后，結合我國的實際行業(yè)狀況及已有的法律體系，制定出適合我國的最能保障行業(yè)公平和效率、促進行業(yè)良性發(fā)展的發(fā)展規(guī)范，并對我國立法提出相關建議。期望法律不是徒具語言，而是追求務實的目的，注意法律規(guī)范在適用過程中的效果，最終實現(xiàn)法律的價值。
[Abstract]:The relativity of the contract , the earliest originated from the relativity of debt in Roman law , means that " debt " can only have binding force on creditor and debtor . In the Anglo - American law , there is no concept and system of debt , so the principle of " relativity of debt " in mainland law is called " privity of contract " in Anglo - American law . Since Roman law , the principle of relativity of contract or debt has been recognized as the cornerstone of the contract rules and system , which has an important position in debt law or contract law .
However , in the field of a special law such as maritime law , strict adherence to the principle of relativity of contract has brought a lot of inconvenience to the commercial practice . For example , in the international carriage of goods , the contracting party is the consignor / seller and the owner , the buyer is only a third party , the owner cannot be sued by the bill of lading , and the owner cannot request the buyer to pay the delay period .
The third party ' s duty to fulfill the third party ' s liability for breach of contract and tort has brought completely different results , so that the legal consequences of his actions are not stable and reasonable ;
The increasing application of a wide range of maritime bills cannot refer to the currently universally applicable bill of lading legislation and so on .
In order to solve these difficulties in practice , each country has gradually adopted various jurisprudence and legislative means to solve the problems caused by the relativity of contract . In this paper , based on the " relativity of contract " as the main clue , this paper discusses the evolution of the attitude towards the relative question of contract , the development of legislation and the influence on the practice of carriage of goods by sea .
After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , the author hopes to draw lessons from the actual industry situation and the existing legal system of our country . After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , it is hoped that the legislation aim of our country will be guaranteed , the development of the industry ' s benign development can be promoted , and the relevant suggestions are put forward in our country ' s legislation .
【學位授予單位】：上海海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D913
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前5條
1 尉帥;海上貨物運輸法的適用范圍研究[D];大連海事大學;2006年
2 丁林陽;《合同法》間接代理制度與海運代理業(yè)務[D];上海海事大學;2006年
3 徐進;論“合同相對性原則”在海上貨物運輸法律關系中的突破[D];大連海事大學;2007年
4 施歌;批量合同法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學;2010年
5 楊名;論《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下的批量合同及其對我國的影響[D];大連海事大學;2013年
本文編號：1672353
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/falvlunwen/sflw/1672353.html
