【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)實生活中人人必備、無時不用的重要標(biāo)記和社交工具,姓氏是自然人與生俱來,終生使用的一種血緣符號,更是中國人主流觀念中傳宗接代、延續(xù)香火、朝宗謁祖最直接的形式。然而,目前我國對姓氏規(guī)范的屬性研究和姓氏的法律規(guī)制問題卻未給予足夠重視。隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的飛速發(fā)展和公民權(quán)利意識的日益覺醒,因姓氏選取、變更所引發(fā)的民事糾紛和“官民"糾紛不斷浮出水面。規(guī)范的闕如和學(xué)術(shù)的失語,已經(jīng)無法應(yīng)對群眾層出不窮的姓氏訴求和紛繁復(fù)雜的執(zhí)法實踐,不僅導(dǎo)致了登記執(zhí)法尺度不統(tǒng)一和管理秩序的混亂,而且造成了司法實踐中理解適用上的偏差和裁判的失范。因此,亟需對姓氏規(guī)范有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行較為全面的研究,針對姓氏的選取、變更問題,建立與取名、更名不同的規(guī)制模式,框定規(guī)制的限度,從而為群眾選取、變更姓氏提供既滿足個人尊嚴(yán)又符合公眾利益的行為規(guī)則,為登記機(jī)關(guān)登記姓氏提供既有利于社會良性管控又便于執(zhí)行操作的程序規(guī)范和實體規(guī)范,同時也為人民法院審理相關(guān)行政案件提供明確具體的審查依據(jù)。本文主要有三個部分組成。第一部分首先梳理了中外姓氏發(fā)展史和制度現(xiàn)狀,并從中發(fā)掘出中華姓氏的獨有特征。其次,從華夏五千年文明中抽象出中華姓氏獨有的敦親睦祖、文化傳承、法制建構(gòu)和社會管控等功能。第二部分首先歸納了我國法學(xué)理論界關(guān)于姓氏規(guī)范屬性的幾種觀點,闡述了不同觀點產(chǎn)生的學(xué)術(shù)背景、各自論據(jù),并對上述觀點的利弊進(jìn)行了分析和比較。其次,針對姓氏選取和變更的現(xiàn)狀,提出姓氏權(quán)的概念,并對姓氏權(quán)與相關(guān)權(quán)利之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了闡述和分析,進(jìn)而對姓氏規(guī)范的法律屬性進(jìn)行歸位。第三部分則首先提出并分析對姓氏和名字應(yīng)當(dāng)采用不同規(guī)制模式,這也將是未來各國立法的共同趨勢。其次,在借鑒國外姓氏歷史發(fā)展及立法規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)之上,結(jié)合我國姓氏使用和登記的現(xiàn)狀及不足,從規(guī)范創(chuàng)制和規(guī)范執(zhí)行的綜合面向?qū)ξ覈帐戏梢?guī)制問題進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計,并重點分析解決兩個方面重要問題：一個是姓氏的出生登記問題,包括出生姓氏的選擇范圍,選擇條件等。另一個姓氏的變更登記問題,包括姓氏的變更條件、選擇范圍,以及姓氏變更后的恢復(fù)問題等。
[Abstract]:As an essential mark and social tool for everyone in real life, family name is a blood symbol that natural persons are born with and used throughout their lives. The most direct form of paying homage to the ancestors of the dynasty. However, at present, China has not paid enough attention to the study of the attribute of surname norms and the legal regulation of surnames. With the rapid development of social and economic life and the awareness of civil rights, the civil disputes and the disputes between the "officials and the people" caused by the change of family name are constantly surfacing. The lack of norms and academic aphasia has been unable to cope with the endless demands of the masses for surnames and the complicated practice of law enforcement, which has not only led to the disunity of the law enforcement standards of registration and confusion of the management order. Moreover, it caused the deviation of understanding and application in judicial practice and the anomie of the referee. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct a more comprehensive study on the relevant issues concerning the regulation of surname, aiming at the selection, change of surname, establishment and naming of different regulatory models, setting up the limits of regulation, so as to select for the masses. To provide rules of conduct that satisfy both personal dignity and the public interest in the change of family name, and provide procedural and substantive norms for registration of surnames by registration authorities that are both conducive to social benign control and easy to carry out operations, At the same time also for the people's court to hear relevant administrative cases to provide a clear and specific basis for examination. There are three parts in this paper. The first part firstly combs the history and system of Chinese and foreign surnames, and finds out the unique features of Chinese surnames. Secondly, the unique functions of Chinese family name, cultural inheritance, legal system construction and social control are abstracted from the five thousand years of Chinese civilization. In the second part, the author sums up several views on the normative attributes of surnames in the field of legal theory in China, expounds the academic background of different viewpoints, their respective arguments, and analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the above views. Secondly, according to the current situation of surname selection and change, the concept of surname right is put forward, and the relationship between surname right and related rights is expounded and analyzed, and then the legal attribute of surname norm is put forward. The third part first puts forward and analyzes the different regulatory models of surname and first name, which will be the common trend of legislation in the future. Secondly, on the basis of drawing lessons from the historical development and legislative provisions of foreign surnames, combined with the current situation and shortcomings of the use and registration of surnames in China, This paper analyzes and designs the legal regulation of surnames in China from the aspects of normative creation and normative implementation, and focuses on the analysis and solution of two important problems: one is the birth registration of surnames, including the scope of choice of birth surnames. Select conditions, etc. Another problem is the registration of change of surname, including the condition of change of surname, the range of choice, and the problem of recovery after the change of surname.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：2384684