發(fā)布時間：2018-11-12 10:03

【摘要】：醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟案件舉證責任分配問題關(guān)系到醫(yī)患雙方對敗訴風險的承擔。我國為解決醫(yī)患雙方的舉證難的問題,在立法上做了一系列嘗試和改革,關(guān)于醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟案件舉證責任分配方式已經(jīng)歷了“誰主張,誰舉證”階段、舉證責任倒置階段、類型化歸責原則下的舉證責任分配三個階段。從整個發(fā)展歷程來看,主要是為了平衡醫(yī)患雙方之間的舉證責任,但是始終處于兩個極端,《侵權(quán)責任法》實施至今,這一問題仍然突出。反觀國外,關(guān)于醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟案件的處理雖然同樣是較為為復(fù)雜的問題,但國外立法與實踐的發(fā)展中,德國法的“表見證明”理論、英美法的“事實自證”規(guī)則和日本法的“大致推定”理論,在緩和患方的證明負擔方面都發(fā)揮了極好的社會效應(yīng),為我國學者所推崇,是適于解決當下舉證責任分配問題的有效經(jīng)驗。在對我國關(guān)于舉證責任分配規(guī)則相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論和法律規(guī)定進行分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,對存在的現(xiàn)實問題進行反思,結(jié)合分析“表見證明”理論、“事實自證”規(guī)則、“大致推定”理論對于解決醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟案件舉證責任分配問題的益處,主要體現(xiàn)在減輕患方舉證負擔、規(guī)制法官自由裁量權(quán)這兩方面,在此基礎(chǔ)之上提出舉證責任緩和規(guī)則的引入建議,詳細分析我國引入舉證責任緩和規(guī)則的理由和適用的有關(guān)程序,鑒于法官在舉證責任緩和規(guī)則中的積極作用,將法官自由裁量權(quán)的合理行使作為舉證責任緩和規(guī)則順利引入的助力,使得在醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟案件的審理中,患方、醫(yī)方、法官三者之間依照法律程序,積極互動,推動訴訟進程,確保審判公正高效。
[Abstract]:The allocation of burden of proof in medical damages litigation cases is related to the risk of failure. In order to solve the problem of hard to prove, our country has made a series of attempts and reforms in legislation. The distribution of burden of proof in medical damages litigation cases has gone through the stage of "who claims, who proves", and the stage of inversion of burden of proof. There are three stages of burden of proof distribution under the principle of type imputation. From the whole course of development, mainly to balance the burden of proof between doctors and patients, but always in two extremes, the Tort liability Law has been implemented so far, this problem is still prominent. On the other hand, although the handling of medical damages litigation cases in foreign countries is also a more complicated issue, in the development of foreign legislation and practice, the theory of "apparent proof" in German law, The rules of "proof of fact" in Anglo-American law and the theory of "approximate presumption" in Japanese law have played an excellent social effect in relieving the burden of proof of the affected parties, and have been highly praised by Chinese scholars. It is an effective experience to solve the problem of burden of proof distribution. Based on the analysis of the relevant basic theories and legal provisions of the rules of burden of proof in our country, this paper reflects on the existing practical problems, and analyzes the theory of "proof of proof" and the rule of "self-proof of facts". The benefit of the theory of "approximate presumption" in solving the problem of distribution of burden of proof in medical damages litigation cases is mainly reflected in two aspects: lightening the burden of proof of the affected party and regulating the discretion of the judge. On this basis, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the introduction of the relaxation of the burden of proof, and analyzes in detail the reasons for introducing the relaxation of the burden of proof and the applicable procedures in our country. In view of the positive role of the judge in the relaxation of the burden of proof, Taking the reasonable exercise of the judge's discretion as the aid of the smooth introduction of the burden of proof mitigation rule, the patient, the doctor and the judge will interact in accordance with the legal procedure in the trial of the lawsuit for medical damages. To promote the process of litigation and ensure fair and efficient trial.
【學位授予單位】：廣西民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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