發(fā)布時間：2018-10-18 19:12

【摘要】：近年來,醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品損害糾紛不斷增多,醫(yī)患關(guān)系趨于緊張,成為社會關(guān)注的熱點問題之一。隨著公眾法律意識和權(quán)利意識的不斷增強,對于發(fā)生醫(yī)療損害后的權(quán)利救濟問題的研究具有現(xiàn)實意義。在我國司法實踐中,對于醫(yī)療活動造成損害的糾紛在不同時期有著不同的處理方式。在侵權(quán)責(zé)任法施行之前,發(fā)生醫(yī)療損害糾紛之后患者維權(quán)首先要進行醫(yī)療事故鑒定,根據(jù)鑒定結(jié)果確定不同的處理方式。侵權(quán)責(zé)任法施行之后,對于醫(yī)療損害糾紛的處理發(fā)生了重大變化,侵權(quán)責(zé)任法對醫(yī)療損害責(zé)任進行了具體規(guī)定,對于發(fā)生醫(yī)療損害糾紛,醫(yī)療事故鑒定不是必經(jīng)程序,可以直接請求相關(guān)責(zé)任人承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。我國侵權(quán)責(zé)任法第五十九條對醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任進行了專門規(guī)定,醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任涉及到了一般醫(yī)療侵權(quán)責(zé)任以及產(chǎn)品責(zé)任,涉及的主體也不僅僅是患者和醫(yī)療機構(gòu),還包括與醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的第三方。在實踐中,對于醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任的認(rèn)定、歸責(zé)原則的運用以及確定責(zé)任的承擔(dān)等面臨了諸多難題,如醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任與一般醫(yī)療損害責(zé)任如何區(qū)分;醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任中醫(yī)療機構(gòu)是否作為銷售者地位承擔(dān)責(zé)任;產(chǎn)品缺陷與損害結(jié)果之間存在因果關(guān)系的證明責(zé)任應(yīng)該如何分配等等。本文通過對實踐中的案例及司法判決進行分析,提出相關(guān)問題,研究醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則以及構(gòu)成要件,并與一般產(chǎn)品損害責(zé)任及一般醫(yī)療損害責(zé)任進行分析比較,討論我國現(xiàn)行法律存在不足并提出相關(guān)完善建議,以期完善醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任法律制度,保護當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益。本文共分為五章:第一章以實踐中發(fā)生的一起醫(yī)療損害責(zé)任糾紛案件為例,分析醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品損害責(zé)任在實踐中的爭議焦點,對該案法院的一審、二審判決的論證部分、法律運用、判決結(jié)果以及存在的差異進行研究思考,從我國醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任的法律制度及司法實踐方面提出相關(guān)問題。第二章介紹醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任的一般理論,在歸責(zé)原則方面,介紹世界其他主要國家的相關(guān)法律制度,分析學(xué)界存在的幾種觀點,包括過錯責(zé)任說、無過錯責(zé)任說以及綜合說。對我國醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則進行分析并提出其中存在的不足之處。第三章對醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件進行認(rèn)真分析,結(jié)合本文所引用的案例,重點研究在實踐中醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品缺陷的認(rèn)定、損害的鑒定以及缺陷與損害之間存在因果關(guān)系的證明責(zé)任歸屬問題。第四章就醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任自身的特點,從責(zé)任主體、一般規(guī)則和抗辯事由方面與一般產(chǎn)品損害責(zé)任及一般醫(yī)療損害責(zé)任進行比較,明確醫(yī)療機構(gòu)在醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任中不能等同于銷售者,銷售者應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相應(yīng)責(zé)任。第五章在前文的分析研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從完善責(zé)任主體、證據(jù)規(guī)則以及建立公平責(zé)任機制方面對我國醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)責(zé)任相關(guān)制度的完善提出一些設(shè)想和建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical product damage disputes continue to increase, doctor-patient relations tend to be tense, become one of the hot issues of social concern. With the increasing of public legal consciousness and right consciousness, it is of practical significance to study the right relief after medical injury. In the judicial practice of our country, there are different ways to deal with the disputes caused by medical activities in different periods. Before the tort liability law comes into effect, after the medical injury dispute occurs, the patient should first identify the medical malpractice and determine the different treatment methods according to the appraisal result. After the implementation of the Tort liability Law, major changes have taken place in the handling of medical injury disputes. The Tort liability Law has made specific provisions on medical damage liability, and medical malpractice identification is not a necessary procedure for medical injury disputes. May directly request the relevant responsible person to bear the damage compensation liability. Article 59 of the tort liability law of our country makes a special provision on the tort liability of medical products. The tort liability of medical products involves general medical tort liability and product liability, and the main body involved is not only patients and medical institutions. It also includes third parties related to medical products. In practice, the identification of the tort liability of medical products, the application of the principle of imputation and the determination of responsibility are faced with many difficulties, such as how to distinguish the tort liability of medical products from the general liability for medical damage; In the tort liability of medical products, whether the medical institution is responsible as a seller or not, how to distribute the burden of proof that there is a causal relationship between the product defect and the result of the damage, and so on. Through the analysis of cases and judicial decisions in practice, this paper puts forward some related problems, studies the principle of liability for tort liability of medical products and its constitutive requirements, and analyzes and compares the liability for injury of general products and the liability for general medical damage. In order to perfect the legal system of tort liability of medical products and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, this paper discusses the shortcomings of the existing laws of our country and puts forward some relevant suggestions. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter takes a case of medical damage liability dispute in practice as an example, analyzes the focus of the dispute in practice, the first instance of the court in this case, the second instance judgment, the application of the law. The result of judgment and the differences between them are studied and considered, and the related problems are raised from the aspects of the legal system and judicial practice of tort liability of medical products in China. The second chapter introduces the general theory of tort liability of medical products, introduces the related legal systems of other major countries in the world, and analyzes several viewpoints in academic circles, including fault liability theory, no-fault liability theory and comprehensive theory. This paper analyzes the principle of tort liability of medical products in China and points out its shortcomings. The third chapter makes a careful analysis of the components of the tort liability of medical products, combining with the cases cited in this paper, focuses on the identification of medical product defects in practice. The identification of damage and the attribution of burden of proof between defect and damage. In the fourth chapter, the author compares the characteristics of tort liability of medical products with that of general product damage liability and general medical damage liability from the aspects of liability subject, general rules and defenses. It is clear that medical institutions should not be equal to the seller in the tort liability of medical products, and the seller should bear the corresponding responsibility. The fifth chapter on the basis of the previous analysis and research, from the aspects of perfecting the subject of responsibility, the rules of evidence and the establishment of fair liability mechanism, put forward some ideas and suggestions on the improvement of the relevant system of tort liability of medical products in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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