本文關鍵詞： 獨生子女家庭 “失獨”群體 權益保障　出處：《南京財經大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1980年9月25日,中共中央發(fā)表了《關于控制人口增長問題致全體共產黨員、共青團員的公開信》,信中提倡每對夫妻只生育一個孩子。此后,“計劃生育政策”開始在全國范圍內推行起來。三十多年來,數以億計的獨生子女家庭在中國漸漸產生,尤其是在城市地區(qū)“只生一個孩子”已經成為一種習慣與主流,即使是在不太富裕的農村地區(qū),獨生子女的數量也在漸漸增長。如今,這些積極響應國家號召的父母已年逾半百,第一代獨生子女也日漸到了而立之年,有了自己的家庭與生活,但是與此同時,一個特殊的群體也開始被社會給予關注,那就是獨生子女死亡的家庭,學界也稱之為“失獨家庭”。據國內媒體和人口專家測算,當前我國的“失獨”家庭數量已過百萬,同時還在以每年近八萬個的速度在增長。①在中國傳統(tǒng)家庭多子多福的觀念中,僅有的一個孩子的死亡無疑對家庭的打擊是毀滅性的。但是目前學術領域對“失獨”群體給予的關注還是微乎甚微,尤其在法學領域對“失獨”群體權益保障問題的研究還比較空白,所以本文在一部分引述中也引用了相關社會學的論述,以期能夠更好的對這個問題給予詮釋。文章第一部分主要闡述了對“失獨”群體的定義,通過一些“失獨”者內心的聲音來了解他們的生活狀態(tài)和內心世界,了解獨生子女對他們而言的重要意義。繼而剖析了“失獨”群體產生的緣由,論述了國家政策實施與“失獨”群體日益增多的客觀聯(lián)系,在此基礎上提出“失獨群體權益保障問題研究”的命題。第二部分首先根據國家衛(wèi)生計生委公布的相關數據以及社科院的相關研究,得以了解我國生育率的總體水平,從而估算出目前我國“失獨”人口的大概數量。緊接著就去考慮這種情況下“失獨”群體面臨的經濟、養(yǎng)老、子女收養(yǎng)、精神狀況等各個方面的問題,由此類推分析了我國保障“失獨”群體權益的必要性跟緊迫性。第三個部分是關于文章的理論支持,也就是“失獨”群體權益保障的理論基礎。在這個部分既涵蓋了一些社會學相關的理論,如“社會支持”理論和“福利多元化”理論,也重點突出了“權利義務相一致”的法律原則和“權責統(tǒng)一”的政府責任這兩個法學相關的重要理論,以此來論述“失獨群體權益保障問題研究”這個命題的正當性。第四部分分析我國在保障“失獨”群體權益時的現(xiàn)狀與缺陷。重點指出我國現(xiàn)行法律在這個領域中的空白以及社會保障體系的不完善,同時也指出了在精神關懷方面還可以有很多嘗試和可以改變的空間,以期可以在第五部分得到解決問題的措施方案。第五部分是文章解決問題的重要部分,主要是根據上述的現(xiàn)狀和問題提出對于建立“失獨”群體權益保障體系的一些可行的建議。在這部分中會有一些可操作性強的創(chuàng)新的建議,希望不斷完善與本命題相關的各領域的法律法規(guī),更好的提倡人文關懷,將這些美好的設想落實到政策和行動之中,幫助“失獨”群體慢慢走出那片陰霾,努力找尋到生活的信心和樂趣。最后結語部分是對這篇文章的總結和對未來的翹首。
[Abstract]:In September 25, 1980, the CPC Central Committee issued "on the increase of population control to all members of the Communist Party, the Youth League of the open letter", advocate every couple one child in the letter. "Since then, the family planning policy was launched in the country. Over the past thirty years, hundreds of millions of one-child families have gradually in Chinese especially in the city area," one child "has become a habit with the mainstream, even in less affluent rural areas, the number of only child is gradually increasing. Now, the positive response to the national call parents over the age of fifty, the first generation of only children is to have thirty years of age. The family and their own life, but at the same time, a special group has been a social concern, that is the dead child family, academia also known as the" lost family alone ". according to the domestic media and population expert estimates, China's current" Shidu "family number millions, while still at an annual growth rate of nearly eighty thousand. In the traditional family China multi Fu concept, with a child's death is no doubt the family was devastating. But at present the academic field of lost independence groups given attention or very little, especially in the field of law research on the security problems of lost interest groups is still relatively blank, so this part of the quote also quotes the relevant sociological treatise, in order to better the given interpretation. The first part mainly expounds the definition of" lost "groups, to understand their living conditions and the inner world through some of the lost their inner voice, to understand the significance of the only child for them. And then analyzes the reasons why lost independence groups, and discusses the lost contact group objective increasing the implementation of the national policy, on the basis of the lost independence groups to protect the interests of the proposition. The second part according to the correlation of the National Health Planning Commission released the relevant data and the Academy of Social Sciences and to understand the overall level of China's fertility rate, and to estimate the current lost population probably number. Then go to consider this case lost independence groups face economic, pension, child adoption, mental status and other aspects of the problem, which on the analysis of China's security the necessity of "lost the interests of groups with urgency. The third part is about the theoretical support, that is" lost their rights and interests. The theory in this section covers not only some social Study of relevant theories, such as "social support" and "the theory of welfare pluralism theory, also highlights the important theory of" the two law related government responsibility legal principles consistent with the rights and obligations and responsibilities of unity ", in order to discuss the legitimacy of the lost independence groups rights protection of the proposition. The fourth part analyzes the status quo and defects in the protection of the lost interest groups in China. Key points out that China's current legal gaps in this field and the social security system is not perfect, but also pointed out that in the spiritual care aspect also can have a lot of try and can change the space, in order to you can get the measures plan to solve the problems in the fifth part. The fifth part is an important part of the article is mainly to solve the problem, according to the current situation and problems of the above proposed for the establishment of" Shidu "rights protection group Some feasible suggestions avoidance system. In this part, there will be some operational innovation and strong suggestions, hopes to improve the laws and regulations in various fields related to this proposition, to better promote the humanistic concern, these good ideas to implement policy and action, to help the lost out group the clouds slowly, trying to find the confidence of life and fun. The last part is the summary of the article and the future eagerly.

【學位授予單位】：南京財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.1

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