本文選題：罪犯死亡 + 處置機制��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著《刑法修正案(九)》等系列刑事法律出臺之后,新“三類犯”減刑假釋保外就醫(yī)從嚴政策和一律收監(jiān)政策的實施,越來越多的老病殘犯和長刑期犯進入監(jiān)獄,就會發(fā)生越來越多的罪犯在獄內(nèi)正常傷亡現(xiàn)象。但在實際過程中,由于犯屬對監(jiān)獄工作的不理解以及其不正當?shù)睦嬖V求,導致個別犯屬通過上訪、上網(wǎng)、上告等方式,將正常的罪犯死亡亡事件擴大化,以期得到利益最大化。且上級及監(jiān)獄領導為了維穩(wěn)以及輿論壓力,沒有嚴格按照相關法律規(guī)定正常處置罪犯傷亡,存在花錢消災的思想,導致犯屬鬧訪事件逐漸升級,嚴重損害了政府機關的公信力。因此,完善罪犯獄內(nèi)死亡處置機制是非常有必要的。在監(jiān)獄罪犯的死亡事件處置過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多情況需要值得注意,即在罪犯的死因、監(jiān)獄是否存在執(zhí)法過錯和賠償金額的問題,這也是罪犯死亡處置的難點。本文第三部分,詳細論述了罪犯死亡處置現(xiàn)狀的原因,當前我國的法律規(guī)定中和罪犯死亡的相關處理有關的僅僅是《監(jiān)獄法》中的第五十五條款以及第七十三條。并且這兩條法規(guī)偏于死板,有關于犯人死后的處理的步驟沒有進行一個詳細、明確的規(guī)定。因為監(jiān)獄機構(gòu)的相關工作實施的保密性,監(jiān)獄與外界之間的聯(lián)系較少,又因為監(jiān)獄對于所進行的工作所做的宣傳方面的努力程度不夠,使得社會對于監(jiān)獄有關工作的了解程度不高,大多的理解都是來自于影視以及網(wǎng)絡媒體,因此使得社會對于監(jiān)獄有關的工作理解片面、有偏差。因為對于監(jiān)獄所做的行為理解上有偏差,很有可能會使得社會不能夠理解以及大力支持監(jiān)獄的相關工作,于是當出現(xiàn)罪犯死亡等相關的敏感的情況的時候,社會輿論向錯誤以及片面的方向進行,會增加大眾對其認識上的誤解、猜疑,這些情況的發(fā)生無形中增加了相關工作的困難。監(jiān)獄在發(fā)生罪犯死亡事件后,往往習慣地把自己置身于一種不準確的地位,或高壓應付,或消極回避,缺乏應對輿論的經(jīng)驗,排斥新聞媒體,拒絕采訪報道,不能有效引導網(wǎng)絡輿情,對于一些脫離事實的評論,沒采取有效措施去積極引導,任由他人以訛傳訛,不能及時有效地化解負面輿論,造成社會不滿情緒加劇。罪犯在押期間,由監(jiān)獄代表國家對其執(zhí)行刑罰,此時罪犯就屬于“國家人”,罪犯的死亡處理程序一定要按照指定的國家部門規(guī)定的處理模式為導向。要明確罪犯死亡處理的時間,明確監(jiān)獄所在地的維穩(wěn)部門的協(xié)助責任,重新界定罪犯死亡后尸體的法律關系,形成以《監(jiān)獄法》為核心,相關法規(guī)為補充的專門規(guī)范監(jiān)獄這一特殊機構(gòu)的監(jiān)獄法律體系,確保在監(jiān)獄法律體系的建立上做好“三個銜接”:與憲法的銜接,與勞動法等非監(jiān)獄法律體系的銜接,與國際人權公約相關內(nèi)容的銜接。要通過完善罪犯死亡處置機制,建立檢察院或法院的獨立調(diào)查制度,引入司法裁判制度,切實保障罪犯及其親屬的合法權益。要完善罪犯死亡司法救濟制度,設立罪犯賠償基金或為罪犯辦理保險,以減輕監(jiān)獄的經(jīng)濟負擔。通過制定新聞發(fā)言制度以及聽證制度,向社會真實地道出事實真相,避免那些有不軌之心的惡徒損壞監(jiān)獄的聲譽,對罪犯死亡事件進行正確的輿論引導,不斷提高監(jiān)獄機關的公信力。
[Abstract]:With the introduction of a series of criminal laws, such as the amendment of the criminal law (nine), the implementation of the new "three types of criminals" on parole on parole on parole and the implementation of the policy of receiving prison supervision, more and more old and long criminal offenders are entering the prison, and more and more criminals will be killed and injured in prison. The incomprehension of prison work and its unjustified interest demands cause individual criminals to expand the death and death events of normal criminals to maximize their interests through petitions, surfing, and accusations in order to maximize their interests. And the superior and prison leaders have not strictly handled the offender's injuries in strict accordance with the relevant laws and regulations for the sake of stability and public opinion. Death, the existence of the idea of spending money to eliminate the disaster, resulting in the gradual escalation of the incident, which has seriously damaged the credibility of the government. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of death disposal in the criminal prison. In the process of the prison criminal's death, many cases have been found to be worthy of attention, that is, the cause of the death of the criminal, the existence of prison. The problem of law enforcement fault and the amount of compensation is also the difficult point of the death disposal of criminals. In the third part of this article, the reasons for the present situation of the criminal death are discussed in detail. The relevant handling of the relevant treatment of the death of the criminal in our country is only the fifty-fifth clause and seventy-third articles in the prison law. And these two regulations On the slant, there is no detailed and clear regulation on the procedure after the death of the prisoner. Because of the secrecy of the relevant work of the prison institution, the prison and the outside world are less connected, and because of the lack of publicity in the prison for the work carried out in the prison, the society is responsible for the related workers in the prison. There is a lot of understanding from film and television and network media, which makes the society partial and biased in prison related work, because there is a deviation in the behavior of the prison, and it is likely that the society will not be able to understand and strongly support the related work of the prison. When the sensitive situation of criminal death is related, public opinion is wrong and in a one-sided direction, which will increase the public's misunderstanding and suspicion. The occurrence of these situations increases the difficulty of the related work. In the case of the death of the criminal, the prison often puts himself in an inaccurate place. Position, or high pressure, or passive avoidance, lack of experience in responding to public opinion, exclusion of news media, refusal to interview reports, and no effective guidance of network public opinion. For some commentaries divorced from facts, they do not take effective measures to guide them actively, let others erroneous and erroneous, and can not effectively resolve negative public opinion in time and cause social discontent to intensify. During the period of detention, the criminal is executed by the state of the prison on behalf of the state. At this time the criminal belongs to the "state person". The process of handling the criminal's death must be guided by the processing mode prescribed by the designated State Department. The time to deal with the death of the criminal should be clearly defined, the responsibility for the assistance of the stable Department of the prison is clearly defined, and the criminal is redefined. The legal relationship of the dead body after death forms the prison law system of the special prison, which is supplemented by the prison law and the relevant laws and regulations, and ensures the "three links" in the establishment of the prison law system: the connection with the constitution, the connection with the non prison law system such as labor law, and the relevant international human rights conventions. We should establish an independent investigation system of procuratorate or court by perfecting the mechanism of criminal death disposal, introduce judicial referee system, guarantee the legal rights and interests of criminals and their relatives, improve the system of criminal death judicial relief, set up a criminal compensation fund or handle insurance for offenders, so as to reduce the economic burden of the prison. The system of news speeches and the hearing system should be formulated, the truth is true to the society, the reputation of the prisons with dismissive hearts, the correct guidance of the public opinion on the death of the criminals, and the continuous improvement of the credibility of the prison authorities.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926.7

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本文編號：1898473