我國(guó)地方稅法律問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-20 10:42
【摘要】:1994年我國(guó)進(jìn)行了分稅制財(cái)稅體制改革,此次稅制改革使得我國(guó)地方稅制得到了一定程度的完善。在這次改革的帶動(dòng)下我國(guó)地方稅收朝著法制化方向邁出了一大步,于此同時(shí)還促進(jìn)了我國(guó)的稅收收入快速持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),使得政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)工作中宏觀調(diào)控作用得到很大程度的加強(qiáng),對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠繼續(xù)持久健康的發(fā)展起到了一定作用。隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,地方稅種在不斷調(diào)整與完善,地方稅制有很多方面還亟待完善。尤其是“營(yíng)業(yè)稅改增值稅”在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推廣和落實(shí)的背景下,使得地方稅的主體稅種就缺失了;同時(shí)地方稅收政策也是經(jīng)常變化,有相當(dāng)一部分地方稅種并不是以法律的形式出現(xiàn)。因此,對(duì)我國(guó)目前的地方稅制展開(kāi)分析與研究,找到其存在的問(wèn)題尤為必要。進(jìn)而找到完善我國(guó)地方稅制的解決方法,進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,用法律保障稅收真正做到“取之于民,用之于民”。文章除緒言、結(jié)語(yǔ)外,正文包括四個(gè)部分:第一部分從地方稅的理論基礎(chǔ)出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)地方稅含義界定和本質(zhì)特征的梳理讓我們對(duì)地方稅的內(nèi)涵有了一定的了解;進(jìn)而對(duì)分級(jí)政府和分級(jí)財(cái)政體制是地方稅存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因和地方政府職能是地方稅存在的根本原因以及分稅制財(cái)政管理體制是地方稅體系產(chǎn)生的直接原因這三個(gè)方面對(duì)地方稅的理論基礎(chǔ)做了分析與研究。理清地方稅的基本含義,有助于更好的理解地方稅,進(jìn)而有利于從理論層面上建立、健全地方稅制。第二部分,文章對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行地方稅收制度的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了梳理與分析。首先對(duì)我國(guó)地方稅制取得的成就進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要概述;進(jìn)而著重分析了我國(guó)目前的地方稅制存在的問(wèn)題。問(wèn)題主要有以下幾個(gè)方面:第一,地方稅稅收立法權(quán)與管理權(quán)過(guò)度集中在中央。第二,稅收立法層次較低,憲法中有關(guān)稅收立法的規(guī)定還是空白,且缺少統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個(gè)稅收法律的《稅收基本法》。第三,地方稅種劃分不清楚,不規(guī)范,中央稅、地方稅和共享稅劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明確;一些地方稅實(shí)質(zhì)上變成了“共享稅”,并且地方主體稅種的缺失,影響了地方稅立法的完善。第四,地方稅制改革進(jìn)展緩慢,已經(jīng)適應(yīng)不了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,從而也桎梏了地方稅制的改革與完善。第五,地方稅司法保障體系并未能夠建立完善,也就直接導(dǎo)致了稅收?qǐng)?zhí)法權(quán)無(wú)法得到根本性的保障。第三部分,文章對(duì)域外的地方稅制進(jìn)行了分析比較。從美國(guó)、法國(guó)、日本這三個(gè)國(guó)家的稅權(quán)劃分和地方稅制運(yùn)行(包括稅收立法權(quán)等方面)進(jìn)行梳理、論述,從而總結(jié)出對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示,這些啟示對(duì)我國(guó)深化稅制改革、健全和完善地方制有相當(dāng)大參考價(jià)值。第四部分,文章著重尋求到我國(guó)地方稅制完善的方向和路徑選擇。這一部分首先分析了要完善地方稅制所存在的意義,要求必須在不斷發(fā)揮稅收宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)職能作用基礎(chǔ)下,同時(shí)也在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的影響中,也要保證稅收收入連續(xù)不斷的增加。其次,根據(jù)前文對(duì)目前我國(guó)地方稅制存在問(wèn)題的分析,提出完善地方稅制的相應(yīng)對(duì)策:第一,合理劃分地方稅收立法權(quán),給予地方一定的稅收立法權(quán),使地方因地制宜的制定適合本地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的相應(yīng)的法律法規(guī),從而促進(jìn)地方稅收的增長(zhǎng)。第二,制定《稅收基本法》,完善地方稅法律體系。第三,必須要理順中央和地方的財(cái)政關(guān)系,哪些稅收收入歸中央,哪些稅收收入歸地方所有。第四,優(yōu)化地方稅種配置,促進(jìn)中央與地方的關(guān)系平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。第五,建立相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的稅務(wù)司法機(jī)構(gòu),保證稅務(wù)部門(mén)依法行政,確保稅法的實(shí)施并且能夠維護(hù)納稅人的合法權(quán)益。第六,規(guī)范地方稅收?qǐng)?zhí)法行為,加大地方稅征管力度。
[Abstract]:In 1994, the reform of the tax and taxation system was carried out in our country, and the reform of the tax system has made the local tax system in our country to a certain degree. Under the driving of this reform, the local taxation of our country has taken a big step towards the legal direction, and at the same time, it has also promoted the rapid growth of the tax revenue of our country, so that the macro-control effect of the government in the economic work is greatly strengthened, It plays an important role in the sustainable and healthy development of the national economy. With the rapid development of the market economy, the local tax is constantly adjusted and perfected, and there are many aspects of the local tax system. In particular, in the context of the promotion and implementation of the 鈥淏usiness tax modified value-added tax鈥,
本文編號(hào):2344685
[Abstract]:In 1994, the reform of the tax and taxation system was carried out in our country, and the reform of the tax system has made the local tax system in our country to a certain degree. Under the driving of this reform, the local taxation of our country has taken a big step towards the legal direction, and at the same time, it has also promoted the rapid growth of the tax revenue of our country, so that the macro-control effect of the government in the economic work is greatly strengthened, It plays an important role in the sustainable and healthy development of the national economy. With the rapid development of the market economy, the local tax is constantly adjusted and perfected, and there are many aspects of the local tax system. In particular, in the context of the promotion and implementation of the 鈥淏usiness tax modified value-added tax鈥,
本文編號(hào):2344685
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