本文選題：人身保險合同 + 現(xiàn)金價值　； 參考：《華東政法大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1995年我國首部《保險法》頒布并實施以來,我國保險業(yè)進入了快速發(fā)展的20年,保險業(yè)隨著中國加入WTO實現(xiàn)對外開放,保險公司競爭日益激烈,投保人的投保意識也不斷增強。在這樣的大背景下,探索如何引導保險法律關系與其它部門法律關系的協(xié)調發(fā)展尤為重要,其中一個比較突出的問題便是保險合同法律關系與債權債務關系的優(yōu)先權問題,放在目前的司法環(huán)境中,即為:能否為解決債權債務糾紛而解除保險合同關系的問題。圍繞這一問題,司法活動陷入了兩難的困境,在債務人無其它財產(chǎn)可供執(zhí)行的情況下,如果認為債權人的利益應當?shù)玫奖Ｕ?執(zhí)行債務人持有保單的現(xiàn)金價值,則意味著保險合同法律關系讓位于債權債務關系;如果認為保單現(xiàn)金價值并非為作為債務人的投保人所有,或認為由于保險合同合法存續(xù)法院無權強制執(zhí)行,則意味著債權債務關系讓位于保險合同法律關系。觀點不一導致司法裁判結果的不一致性,損害了一部分權利人權益的同時,司法的公信力也受到質疑。本文將在剖析保單現(xiàn)金價值的性質與歸屬基礎上,結合案例與國外法律狀況,探索完善我國關于人身保險合同存續(xù)期間保單現(xiàn)金價值執(zhí)行的立法。本文主要內(nèi)容為以下四章:第一章通過案例引出司法活動中現(xiàn)實存在的問題:對保單的現(xiàn)金價值能否執(zhí)行的問題認識不一致,導致司法裁判的不一致。在個案中法官手中的自由裁量權并非有助于實現(xiàn)正義,而導致了潛在的司法不公,出于維護債權人利益、法律權威、保險人利益的需要,提出本文中將主要討論的保單現(xiàn)金價值相關問題。第二章從保單現(xiàn)金價值的界定與來源入手,分析從投保人所繳納的保費到保單的現(xiàn)金價值轉化原因與過程。從債權說與期待權說、保險費與保單現(xiàn)金價值的比較中,得出具有現(xiàn)金價值的保單應該屬于有價證券形式的債權的觀點,解決了保單的現(xiàn)金價值能否被執(zhí)行的問題。第三章論述了保單現(xiàn)金價值的歸屬問題,針對投保人、被保險人、受益人與保單持有人,分別分析以上各主體對保單現(xiàn)金價值是否有所有權,在何種情況下?lián)碛性撍袡�。綜合比較我國現(xiàn)行法律框架下各種可能的保單現(xiàn)金價值實現(xiàn)方式后,指明通過法院強制執(zhí)行解除保險合同、質押或轉讓保單取得相應對價、投保人自行解除保險合同三種方式的利弊,進而對我國司法提出具體而明確的建議,從投保人意圖、保險合同類型、涉案保單現(xiàn)金價值金額等多角度為司法實踐提供借鑒。第四章,對我國現(xiàn)存的立法不明問題提出可行的建設性意見,結合德國、日本與美國的立法現(xiàn)狀對我國的立法、執(zhí)法提供的有益啟示,具體論述了有關賦予保單現(xiàn)金價值執(zhí)行過程中受益人的介入權、構建低額保單現(xiàn)金價值執(zhí)行豁免制度等迫切需要解決的問題。
[Abstract]:Since the first "Insurance Law" was promulgated and put into effect in 1995, China's insurance industry has entered into a rapid development for 20 years. With China's entry into WTO, the insurance industry has become more and more open to the outside world, and the competition of insurance companies has become increasingly fierce. The insurance consciousness of policy-holder also increases ceaselessly. Against this background, it is particularly important to explore how to guide the harmonious development of the legal relationship between insurance and other departments, one of which is the priority between the legal relationship of insurance contract and the relationship between creditor's rights and liabilities. In the current judicial environment, that is, whether to resolve the dispute between creditor's rights and debts and cancel the insurance contract relationship. Around this issue, judicial activities are caught in a dilemma. When the debtor has no other property to carry out, if the interests of creditors are deemed to be protected, the cash value of the policy held by the debtor is enforced. It means that the legal relationship of the insurance contract gives way to the creditor's debt; if the cash value of the policy is not considered to be owned by the policyholder as the debtor, or if the court considers that the insurance contract is legally existing, the court has no right to enforce it, It means that creditor's rights and liabilities give way to the legal relationship of insurance contract. Different viewpoints lead to inconsistency of judicial results, which impair the rights and interests of some rights holders, at the same time, the credibility of the judicature is questioned. On the basis of analyzing the nature and attribution of the cash value of the insurance policy, this article will explore and perfect the legislation on the enforcement of the cash value of the insurance policy during the life insurance contract in our country, combining with the cases and the foreign legal situation. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter leads to the practical problems in the judicial activities through the case: the problem of whether the cash value of the policy can be implemented is not consistent, which leads to the inconsistency of the judicial decision. The discretion of the judge in the case is not conducive to the realization of justice, but leads to the potential injustice of justice, in order to safeguard the interests of creditors, legal authority, and the interests of the insurer. The paper puts forward some problems related to the cash value of insurance policies which will be discussed in this paper. The second chapter starts with the definition and source of the cash value of the policy, and analyzes the reasons and the process of the transformation from the premium paid by the insured to the cash value of the policy. Based on the comparison between insurance premium and the cash value of the policy, the viewpoint that the insurance policy with cash value should belong to the form of securities is obtained, which solves the problem of whether the cash value of the policy can be carried out. The third chapter discusses the ownership of the policy cash value. For the policyholder, the insured, the beneficiary and the policy holder, the author analyzes whether and under what circumstances the above subjects have the ownership of the policy cash value. After a comprehensive comparison of various possible ways of realizing the cash value of insurance policies under the current legal framework of our country, it is pointed out that the relevant consideration can be obtained by enforcing the rescission of insurance contracts by the courts, pledging or transferring the insurance policies. The advantages and disadvantages of three ways for the policy holder to terminate the insurance contract on his own, and then to put forward concrete and definite suggestions to the judicature of our country, which provide the reference for the judicial practice from the aspects of the policy holder's intention, the type of the insurance contract, the amount of cash involved in the insurance policy and so on. In the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some feasible and constructive suggestions on the existing legislative problems in our country, combining with the current legislative situation of Germany, Japan and the United States, it provides beneficial enlightenment to our legislation and law enforcement. This paper specifically discusses the urgent problems that need to be solved, such as giving the beneficiaries the right to intervene in the process of carrying out the cash value of the policy and constructing the exemption system for the implementation of the cash value of the low value policy.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284

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