本文選題：二維碼 + 技術(shù)革新　； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：二維碼作為科技新產(chǎn)品,相比一維條碼更具便捷度高、信息量大、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域廣等特點(diǎn),主要依靠智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用,根據(jù)2014年5月底工信部統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)智能手機(jī)擁有量已達(dá)12.56億,幾乎人手一臺(tái)掃碼器。本文研究認(rèn)為二維碼存在一定的應(yīng)用風(fēng)險(xiǎn),面對(duì)其不斷升高的普及率和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)革新的有限性,亟須應(yīng)用法律規(guī)制。本文首先從四個(gè)方面描述二維碼存在的法律問(wèn)題:掃碼能否構(gòu)成意思表示、掃碼威脅用戶信息安全、作為廣告營(yíng)銷方式的合規(guī)性以及掃碼對(duì)電子證據(jù)獲取保存提出新挑戰(zhàn);其次具體分析國(guó)家技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及相關(guān)法律規(guī)范的適用和不足,結(jié)合2014年央行出臺(tái)的《支付機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付業(yè)務(wù)管理辦法》和《手機(jī)支付業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》的精神——重視新科技對(duì)傳統(tǒng)支付方式的革新,積極尋求解決辦法。二維碼是連接手機(jī)用戶和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的高架橋,卻游走在傳統(tǒng)法律監(jiān)管的灰色地帶,本文認(rèn)為,針對(duì)二維碼扮演角色的不同,法律監(jiān)管也應(yīng)從不同方面考慮:第一,二維碼法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)源于病毒網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈接,除了提高網(wǎng)卡安全等級(jí),還要求服務(wù)提供商盡到“一個(gè)理性的、謹(jǐn)慎的、具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)專業(yè)知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商的注意”;第二,關(guān)于掃碼侵犯隱私權(quán)問(wèn)題,傳統(tǒng)隱私權(quán)理論源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng),在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展應(yīng)用中,“隱私”因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需下調(diào)一級(jí),是否侵犯隱私需以“獨(dú)立和自主”精神來(lái)綜合判斷;第三,因?yàn)槎S碼的非面對(duì)面交互性,在確保信息的切實(shí)發(fā)送、接收以及相對(duì)人為限制民事行為能力人或無(wú)民事行為能力人法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承擔(dān)時(shí),提出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自負(fù)原則,不僅約束掃碼者,也潛在地規(guī)范二維碼使用者及制作、傳播者的發(fā)布方式和注意義務(wù);第四,隨著二維碼不斷滲入生活,亦需立法保護(hù)個(gè)人信息安全;第五,需加快制定相應(yīng)的支付標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、注重電子證據(jù)審查,以事前規(guī)制為主等其他監(jiān)管要求。對(duì)于是否需要立法規(guī)制,由于二維碼具有應(yīng)用廣、多法域的特點(diǎn),想要找尋、創(chuàng)立一部法律單一調(diào)整是十分困難的,即使將眼光放向未來(lái),我們也無(wú)法預(yù)估像二維碼這樣的便捷圖碼究竟會(huì)被運(yùn)用到何領(lǐng)域,若貿(mào)然行事,則不僅法律成本會(huì)提高,甚至可能出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有規(guī)定被架空的情況,故本文認(rèn)為無(wú)需也無(wú)法創(chuàng)立或適用單一法律法規(guī)調(diào)整,應(yīng)以《商品條碼管理辦法》的修改版《商品圖碼管理辦法》為主,其余法律法規(guī)輔助調(diào)整的模式來(lái)管理現(xiàn)在乃至今后可能出現(xiàn)的其他快速響應(yīng)的代碼或圖碼。本文的目的旨在分析二維碼對(duì)傳統(tǒng)法律規(guī)范和法律理論帶來(lái)的沖擊,研究新型科技產(chǎn)品背后的法律監(jiān)管缺失,提出相關(guān)建議,從而為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代乃至掃碼時(shí)代下法律理論、法規(guī)實(shí)踐的調(diào)試提供思考。
[Abstract]:As a new product of science and technology, QR code has more advantages than one-dimensional bar code, such as high convenience, large amount of information and wide application fields. It mainly relies on smart phone applications. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the end of May 2014, the number of smart phones in China has reached 1.256 billion. Almost a code sweeper is available. In this paper, the author thinks that there is a certain risk in the application of QR code. In the face of its increasing popularization rate and the limitation of computer technology innovation, it is urgent to apply legal regulation. This paper first describes the legal problems existing in QR codes from four aspects: whether scanning codes can constitute the expression of intention, whether sweep codes threaten the information security of users, the compliance of advertising marketing methods and the new challenge of scanning codes to the acquisition and preservation of electronic evidence; Secondly, it analyzes the application and deficiency of national technical standards and relevant legal norms. Combined with the spirit of "Management method of payment Institution Network payment Service" and "Mobile phone payment Business Development guidance" issued by the Central Bank in 2014, we attach importance to the innovation of traditional payment methods by new technology and actively seek solutions. QR code is a viaduct connecting mobile phone users to the Internet, but it walks in the gray area of traditional legal regulation. This paper holds that the legal regulation should also be considered from different aspects in view of the different roles played by QR codes: first, The legal risk of QR code comes from the virus network link. In addition to improving the security level of network card, it also requires the service provider to do "the attention of a rational, cautious, network professional network service provider." second, The traditional theory of privacy has a long history. In the development and application of the Internet age, "privacy" needs to be downgraded by one level because the standards of network security need to be downgraded. Privacy violations need to be judged in a "independent and autonomous" spirit; third, because the non-face-to-face interaction of QR codes ensures the effective transmission of information, When receiving and accepting the legal risks of persons with limited capacity for civil conduct or persons without civil capacity, the principle of risk conceit is put forward, which not only restricts the code sweeper, but also potentially regulates the users and producers of QR codes. Fourth, with the continuous infiltration of QR codes into daily life, it is also necessary to legislate to protect the security of personal information. Fifthly, it is necessary to speed up the formulation of corresponding payment standards and pay attention to the examination of electronic evidence. Other regulatory requirements such as prior regulation. As for the need for legislative regulation, due to the wide application of QR codes and the characteristics of multiple jurisdictions, it is very difficult to find a single adjustment to the law, even if we look to the future. Nor can we predict where convenient graphic codes such as QR codes will be applied, and if we act hastily, not only will the legal costs increase, but there may even be situations where existing regulations are being framed. Therefore, this paper holds that it is not necessary and impossible to establish or apply the adjustment of single laws and regulations, and should be based on the revised version of "Commodity Barcode Management method". The rest of the laws and regulations adjusts the pattern to manage other quick-response codes or diagrams that are present and may occur in the future. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the QR code on the traditional legal norms and legal theories, to study the lack of legal supervision behind the new scientific and technological products, and to put forward some relevant suggestions, so as to provide the legal theory in the Internet era and even in the sweeping code era. The regulation practice debugging provides the thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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