本文選題：破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：抵銷　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著破產(chǎn)法在我國(guó)越來(lái)越受重視,破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)也得到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。盡管有觀點(diǎn)質(zhì)疑破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)存在的必要,但基于其體現(xiàn)的公平價(jià)值、附有的擔(dān)保功能以及具備的經(jīng)濟(jì)快捷地清理債的特點(diǎn),主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為破產(chǎn)法中應(yīng)當(dāng)有抵銷制度的一席之地。在抵銷制度發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家,破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)是其破產(chǎn)法不可分割的一部分。30余年來(lái),我國(guó)立法對(duì)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)進(jìn)行了越來(lái)越細(xì)致的規(guī)范,但破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)仍面臨著先天不足和后天失調(diào)的困難,與其一并發(fā)揮作用的一些制度還不甚完備。面對(duì)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)在適用過(guò)程中暴露出的窘態(tài),在立足實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,借取他山之石,努力構(gòu)建既適應(yīng)我國(guó)破產(chǎn)實(shí)踐需要又與破產(chǎn)法內(nèi)外其他制度協(xié)調(diào)一致的破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)制度成為完善我國(guó)破產(chǎn)法律規(guī)范的題中之義。本文包括四個(gè)部分,其中,著力探討了破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的行使要件和效力,并提出自己的建議。具體而言:第一部分從抵銷定義入手,比較國(guó)外對(duì)抵銷的認(rèn)識(shí)與我國(guó)的立法現(xiàn)狀之間的差異;介紹破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的定義后,分析其有必要存有的原因,再追溯我國(guó)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的立法沿革;最后,就其法律地位進(jìn)行了界定。第二部分就破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)行使的實(shí)體要件展開討論。破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的實(shí)體要件,即可適用于破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的債權(quán)債務(wù)的范圍和條件。以財(cái)產(chǎn)性權(quán)利為給付內(nèi)容,可轉(zhuǎn)化為金錢,相互性,以及成立于破產(chǎn)申請(qǐng)受理之前是債權(quán)債務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的積極要件。有的債權(quán)債務(wù)依法律和法理不應(yīng)適用于抵銷,即據(jù)以抵銷的債權(quán)債務(wù)不應(yīng)具有消極要件。第三部分則對(duì)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)行使的程序要件展開分析。先介紹兩個(gè)實(shí)例后,就債權(quán)申報(bào)的必要性進(jìn)行探討,再對(duì)行使主體、時(shí)間和方式進(jìn)行討論后,梳理了一項(xiàng)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)行使的大致過(guò)程。第四部分是對(duì)破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)行使的法律效力的研究。抵銷的主張一經(jīng)到達(dá)管理人就應(yīng)生效,除非管理人經(jīng)過(guò)審查,并請(qǐng)求人民法院確定該破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)不能成立。審查是必要的,但審查及在此中發(fā)現(xiàn)的異議不得直接對(duì)債權(quán)人提出,而應(yīng)向人民法院起訴以求獲得救濟(jì)。破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)生效后,應(yīng)當(dāng)具有溯及力。由此可知,破產(chǎn)抵銷權(quán)的行使正面臨現(xiàn)實(shí)需要的檢驗(yàn)和沖擊,更有著廣闊的研究空間。
[Abstract]:With the bankruptcy law being paid more and more attention in our country, the right of set-off has been paid more and more attention. With the security function attached and the characteristic of quick and economical liquidation of debts, the prevailing view is that insolvency law should have a place in the set-off system... in countries with developed systems of set-off, Since the bankruptcy set-off right has been an integral part of the bankruptcy law for more than 30 years, the legislation of our country has made more and more detailed regulations on the bankruptcy set-off right, but the bankruptcy set-off right is still faced with the difficulties of innate deficiency and acquired maladjustment. In the face of the embarrassment exposed in the process of application of the right of set-off in bankruptcy, on the basis of practice, we can borrow the stone of other mountains. It is the meaning of perfecting the legal norms of bankruptcy to construct the bankruptcy right of set-off system which not only meets the needs of our bankruptcy practice but also harmonizes with other systems inside and outside the bankruptcy law. This paper probes into the requirements and effectiveness of the exercise of the right of set-off in bankruptcy and puts forward its own suggestions. The first part begins with the definition of set-off and compares the differences between the understanding of set-off in foreign countries and the present situation of legislation in our country; After introducing the definition of the right of set-off in bankruptcy, this paper analyzes the reasons why it is necessary to exist, and then traces the legislative evolution of the right of set-off in bankruptcy in China. The second part discusses the substantive elements of the exercise of the right of set-off in bankruptcy. The scope and conditions of the creditor's rights and liabilities that can be applied to the right of set-off in bankruptcy. Taking property rights as the content of payment, it can be transformed into money and reciprocity, And the positive elements that a creditor's right should have before the bankruptcy application is accepted. Some claims and liabilities should not be applied to set-off according to law and legal principles, The third part analyzes the procedural elements of the exercise of the right of set-off in bankruptcy. First, two examples are introduced, then the necessity of the declaration of creditor's rights is discussed, and then the subject of exercise is discussed. After discussing the time and method, this paper combs the general process of the exercise of the right of set-off in bankruptcy. Part 4th is a study of the legal effect of the exercise of the right of set-off in bankruptcy. The idea of set-off should take effect as soon as it reaches the administrator. Unless the administrator has examined and requested the people's court to determine that the right of set-off in bankruptcy cannot be established. The examination is necessary, but the examination and the objection found herein shall not be directly raised against the creditor, After the bankruptcy right of set-off comes into effect, it should have retroactive effect. Therefore, the exercise of the right of bankruptcy set-off is facing the test and impact of the reality, and it has a broad research space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.92

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本文編號(hào)：1573972