本文選題：保險(xiǎn)合同　切入點(diǎn)：免責(zé)條款　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：筆者在本文中從兩個(gè)案由不同但爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)一致且情形類似的案例出發(fā),闡述兩案例出現(xiàn)不同審判結(jié)果的原因,分析了免責(zé)條款效力認(rèn)定在司法審判實(shí)踐中應(yīng)考慮到的關(guān)鍵因素,并引出現(xiàn)時(shí)上述糾紛爭(zhēng)議在司法審判中面臨的困境,隨后闡明免責(zé)條款的法律特征、正當(dāng)性、制約的必要性及保險(xiǎn)免責(zé)條款的效力問(wèn)題。關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)免責(zé)條款的效力問(wèn)題,因保險(xiǎn)合同為格式條款且合同雙方地位信息不對(duì)等,對(duì)保險(xiǎn)免責(zé)條款的解釋應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵循不利解釋原則和限制解釋原則,其中不利解釋原則為主,限制解釋原則為輔。判定免責(zé)條款是否有效的首要條件是保險(xiǎn)人是否依法律規(guī)定履行明確說(shuō)明義務(wù),實(shí)踐中,保險(xiǎn)人唯一能證實(shí)其已經(jīng)履行該義務(wù)的就是舉證具有被保險(xiǎn)人簽名確認(rèn)的投保單,從維護(hù)保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度出發(fā)應(yīng)杜絕投保單未簽名或代簽名的情況,而在上述首要條件成立的基礎(chǔ)上,關(guān)鍵步驟是再通過(guò)現(xiàn)行法的法律規(guī)定、是否符合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)合理分配原理、是否符合權(quán)利義務(wù)對(duì)等理論等各方面考量免責(zé)條款的效力。司法審判實(shí)踐中,審判人員應(yīng)對(duì)上述首要條件和關(guān)鍵步驟作出合理的判斷與分析,兩個(gè)因素缺一不可。最后,筆者對(duì)于保險(xiǎn)免責(zé)條款規(guī)制的完善在各個(gè)層面上提出建議,首先在立法上的完善是最為迫切而又具有直接影響性的,建議制定專門的保險(xiǎn)格式合同規(guī)制法和引入“保險(xiǎn)人綜合情況評(píng)估及提請(qǐng)建議義務(wù)”制度;其次,在司法、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、行政及其他各渠道也需要協(xié)助監(jiān)督管理,發(fā)揮各自特點(diǎn),互補(bǔ)不足,才能形成合理、規(guī)范、公正的免責(zé)條款規(guī)制機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:In this paper, starting from the two cases with different cases but the same dispute focus and similar circumstances, the author expounds the reasons for the different trial results in the two cases, and analyzes the key factors that should be considered in the judicial trial practice to determine the validity of the exemption clause. Then it explains the legal characteristics, legitimacy, the necessity of restriction and the validity of the insurance exemption clause. Because the insurance contract is a form clause and the status information of both parties is not equal, the interpretation of the insurance exemption clause should strictly follow the unfavorable interpretation principle and the restrictive interpretation principle, among which the unfavorable interpretation principle is the main one. The first condition for determining whether an exemption clause is effective or not is whether the insurer performs the obligation of clear explanation in accordance with the provisions of the law. In practice, The only thing that the insurer can prove that it has fulfilled this obligation is to prove that the insurance policy has been signed and confirmed by the insured. In order to maintain the continuous development of the insurance industry, it is necessary to put an end to the situation that the insurance policy has not been signed or signed on behalf of the insured. On the basis of the establishment of the above primary conditions, the key step is to pass the existing law again and whether it conforms to the principle of rational risk allocation. In judicial trial practice, the judge should make a reasonable judgment and analysis of the above primary conditions and key steps, the two factors are indispensable. The author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the regulation of insurance exemption clauses at all levels. Firstly, the perfection of legislation is the most urgent and has a direct impact on it. It is suggested to establish a special contract regulation law of insurance format and to introduce the system of "Comprehensive situation Assessment and recommendation obligation of Insurers". Secondly, in the judicial, trade association, administrative and other channels, we also need to assist in supervision and management, and give play to their own characteristics. Only by complementing each other, can we form a reasonable, standardized and fair regulation mechanism of exemption clauses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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本文編號(hào)：1571150