本文關鍵詞： 投保人 被保險人 受益人 解除權 溯及力 期限　出處：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：保險合同解除作為保險法規(guī)制的重要內容,既具有合同解除內容的一般屬性,又具有保險合同解除的明顯特殊性。法學界關于保險合同解除的討論向來熱烈,學界從不同角度對保險合同解除的概念、性質、解除要件和解除效力等對保險合同解除問題孜孜不倦地研究,力求提供完善的立法建議,解決實際保險合同解除中出現的問題和矛盾。投保人、被保險人,受益人作為與保險公司相對的投保方,對保險合同解除均有重要影響和作用,是保險合同解除的立法設計需要平衡的利益訴求者。我國目前保險法中對于投保方解除保險合同的規(guī)定并不完善。在賦予投保方合同解除權主體方面,僅規(guī)定了投保人享有任意解除權；在投保方合同解除權期限和投保方行使保險合同解除權的溯及力方面均未規(guī)定。這給實踐中的投保方合同解除帶來不便,亦帶來保險合同雙方權利義務的不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。本文的主要結構包含五大部分,前言中闡述了研究投保方解除保險合同的意義和價值,并引述了保險合同解除的基礎概念；文章的中間三部分是核心內容,分別從投保方合同解除權的主體、投保人任意解除權的期限和保險合同解除后是否具有溯及力三個方面指出當下立法的不足,并從理論和實務的角度闡述調整投保人任意解除權的重要性和必要性。借鑒國外立法例,結合本國實際情況,綜合目前學界的研究成果,認為應當對投保方保險合同解除權主體重構,在保留投保人自由解除保險合同的同時,對被保險人和受益人進行適當救濟,一方面強化被保險人在保險合同訂立前和訂立中對保險合同的“控制”,另一方面在投保人要求解除保險合同時賦予被保險人知情權和代替投保人成為合同當事人履行合同義務的替代權；關于受益人在投保人要求解除保險合同時是否有效力維持的權利,筆者從受益人的受益權具有相對獨立的性質方面,認為在保險事故發(fā)生前受益人沒有實際的權利,因而也無需賦予其維持合同效力的相關權利；在投保人解除保險合同的期限方面,由兩個案例為出發(fā)點,引出我國法律對于投保人保險合同解除期限規(guī)定的空白,在實踐中使得合同利益相關人的權利義務關系處于不穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài),從對解除權的限制方面探討應當增設投保人行使保險合同解除權的期限：即投保人在保險合同成立后,保險事故發(fā)生前有權行使合同解除權。在投保人合同解除權在投保方解除保險合同是否具有溯及力的問題上,筆者梳理了目前學界的不同觀點,并創(chuàng)新提出,投保人解除保險合同原則上和本質上都是具有溯及力的。最后一部分是結語,提出對我國保險法的期待和立法展望。
[Abstract]:As an important content of the insurance law, the rescission of insurance contract has both the general attribute and the obvious particularity of the rescission of the contract. Scholars from different angles of the concept of termination of insurance contract, the nature of the lifting requirements and rescission of the effectiveness of the issue of termination of the insurance contract to work tirelessly, and strive to provide perfect legislative advice, To solve the problems and contradictions in the actual termination of the insurance contract. The insured, the insured and the beneficiary, as the insurant opposite to the insurance company, have an important influence and function on the termination of the insurance contract, Is the legislative design of the termination of insurance contract needs to balance the interests of the claimant. Our current insurance law for the termination of the insurance contract is not perfect. It only stipulates that the policyholder shall have the right of arbitrary rescission; neither the term of the right of rescission of the contract of the insured nor the retroactive effect of the right of rescission of the contract of the insured party shall be stipulated. This brings inconvenience to the rescission of the contract of the insured party in practice. The main structure of this paper consists of five parts. In the preface, the significance and value of the study on the termination of the insurance contract by the insured is expounded, and the basic concept of the termination of the insurance contract is quoted. The middle three parts of the article are the core content, pointing out the deficiency of the current legislation from three aspects: the subject of the right to rescind the contract of the insured, the term of the right to rescind arbitrarily and the retroactive effect of the rescission of the insurance contract. And from the angle of theory and practice, this paper expounds the importance and necessity of adjusting the policy holder's right of arbitrary rescission. It is considered that the subject of the right of rescission of the insurance contract of the insured should be reconstructed, and the insured and the beneficiary should be given appropriate relief while retaining the policy holder's freedom to terminate the insurance contract. On the one hand, it strengthens the insurant's "control" over the insurance contract before and during the conclusion of the insurance contract, on the other hand, it gives the insured the right to know and becomes a party to the contract instead of the policy holder when the policy holder demands the cancellation of the insurance contract. The right to substitute for the performance of contractual obligations; As to whether the beneficiary has the right to maintain effectively when the insured asks for the cancellation of the insurance contract, the author considers that the beneficiary does not have the actual right before the insurance accident, in view of the relatively independent nature of the beneficiary's right to benefit. Therefore, there is no need to grant them the relevant rights to maintain the validity of the contract. In terms of the duration of the termination of the insurance contract by the policy holder, two cases are taken as the starting point, which leads to the blank in the law of our country concerning the termination period of the insurance contract of the policy holder. In practice, the relationship between the rights and obligations of the contract stakeholders is in an unstable state. From the aspect of limitation of the right of rescission, it is discussed that the time limit for the policy holder to exercise the right of rescission of the insurance contract should be added: that is, after the establishment of the insurance contract, Before the occurrence of the insurance accident, the author has the right to exercise the right to rescind the contract. The last part is the conclusion, which puts forward the expectation and legislative prospect of the insurance law of our country.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284

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相關期刊論文 前1條

1 王西剛;;人身保險合同投保人法定解除權研究[J];蘭州學刊;2007年04期

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本文編號：1516379