發(fā)布時間：2018-05-31 03:53

  本文選題：居住權 + 人役權��； 參考：《沈陽師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：2002年居住權制度第一次出現在《中華人民共和國物權法（征求意見稿）》中，在2006年8月22日舉行的十屆全國人大常委會第二十三次會議聽取了法律委員會的匯報意見后被刪除。法律委員會認為，居住權的適用面很窄，基于家庭關系的居住權問題婚姻家庭法有關撫養(yǎng)、贍養(yǎng)等規(guī)定，基于租賃關系的居住權問題適用合同法有關法律的規(guī)定，這些情形都不適用草案關于居住權的規(guī)定。本文通過對居住權制度性質、特點及其在諸多國家歷史沿革過程的考察，發(fā)現該制度的性質與功能并不是一層不變的，隨著時代的發(fā)展居住權制度也在不斷的進行自我完善，逐步從原有的人身依附性權利轉變?yōu)橐环N契約性權利，其功能也從原有單一的弱者生存保障功能發(fā)展為兼具保障弱勢群體基本權益和價值分離、促進財富流通功能的綜合性制度。脫離人役權制度體系，我國物權法依然有單獨制定居住權制度的土壤。居住權制度的否定者對于該制度的認識存在一定偏差，其功能無法為其他制度所替代，在我國物權法體系下設立該制度十分必要。由于種種原因居住權制度在我國一直未被承認，對于我國仍是一個全新的制度，從歷史源流及制度體系來看，世界上大部分規(guī)定了居住權制度的國家都有完備詳細的人役權制度基礎，居住權作為人役權的下位制度加以界定，其理論基礎和法條設定相對簡單，即使在居住權部分的規(guī)定出現漏洞，也可以借助上位制度的相關規(guī)定作為兜底條款。對于我國來說，由于人役權制度的缺失，居住權制度在設定和運行過程中沒有相關參考，所以在立法時要盡量做到詳細充分，《物權法》草案中用8條內容對居住權作出規(guī)定，雖然有“開創(chuàng)先河”的重要地位，但其效果和力度仍是遠遠不夠的。所以在制度設立時應盡量做到詳細具體且為法律的后續(xù)規(guī)定留有余地，同時應盡量與現有制度協調一致，以求全方位多角度的實現居住權制度的價值。因此應盡快在物權法體系下建立健全居住權制度，在制度的具體設定上盡量做到詳細，又要為法律的后續(xù)配套工作留有一定余地，同時配合《婚姻法》、《未成年人保護法》、《婦女兒童保護法》及社會保障制度的相關規(guī)定全方位、多角度的完善對于居住權的保護工作，使這一“古老”而又“全新“的制度在我國充分實現其價值，為我國各項事業(yè)的發(fā)展貢獻一份力量。
[Abstract]:In 2002, the right of abode system appeared for the first time in the Law of the people's Republic of China on Real Rights (draft for opinions). It was deleted after hearing the report of the Law Committee at the 23rd meeting of the standing Committee of the Tenth National people's Congress held on August 22, 2006. According to the Law Committee, the scope of application of the right of residence is very narrow, the issue of residence rights based on family relations is a matter of marriage and family law, and the provisions of the law on maintenance and maintenance apply to the issue of residence rights based on the lease relationship. None of these cases applies to the provisions of the draft concerning the right of abode. Based on the investigation of the nature and characteristics of the residence right system and its historical evolution in many countries, this paper finds that the nature and function of this system are not the same, and with the development of the times, the residence right system is constantly improving itself. Gradually from the original right of personal attachment to a contractual right, its function has also developed from the original function of the survival of the weak to the protection of the basic rights and interests of vulnerable groups and the separation of value. A comprehensive system that promotes the function of wealth circulation. Apart from the system of personal servitude, Chinese real right law still has the soil to establish the residence right system separately. The negators of the right of residence system have a certain deviation to the understanding of this system, its function can not be replaced by other systems, it is very necessary to set up the system under the system of property law of our country. For a variety of reasons, the right of abode system has not been recognized in our country. It is still a new system for our country. From the perspective of historical origin and institutional system, Most of the countries in the world that have stipulated the system of residence right have a complete and detailed foundation of the system of servitude, and the right of residence is defined as the inferior system of the right of servitude, and its theoretical basis and legal provisions are relatively simple. Even if there are loopholes in the provisions of the right of abode, we can also use the relevant provisions of the upper system as the bottom clause. For our country, because of the absence of the system of servitude, there is no relevant reference in the course of the establishment and operation of the right of residence system, so we should try our best to make full and detailed legislation on the right of residence in the draft of "Real right". Although there is an important position of "pioneering", its effect and strength are still far from enough. Therefore, when the system is established, it should be as detailed and specific as possible and leave room for the subsequent provisions of the law. At the same time, it should be coordinated with the existing system as much as possible, in order to realize the value of the residence right system from all directions and many angles. Therefore, we should establish and perfect the residence right system under the real right law system as soon as possible, do as much detail as possible on the specific setting of the system, and leave some leeway for the subsequent supporting work of the law. At the same time, in cooperation with the Marriage Law, the Law on Protection of minors, the Law on Protection of Women and Children, and the relevant provisions of the social security system, the protection of the right of residence should be improved from various angles. Make this "old" and "brand-new" system fully realize its value in our country, and contribute to the development of our country's various undertakings.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.2

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