本文選題：預(yù)防 + 三同時(shí)　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：十一五期間我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)出巨大力量,國(guó)民的物質(zhì)生活水平得到顯著提高,但是在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),我們也付出了慘痛的環(huán)境代價(jià)。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,各地的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目日漸增多,我國(guó)面臨日益嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,不管是松花江水污染事故還是紫金礦業(yè)的污水滲漏或是近期的廣西龍江鎘污染事件,一件件活生生的例子擺在眼前,環(huán)境危機(jī)正在越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重地制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。因?yàn)楦吣芎�、高污染、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展方式無(wú)法持續(xù),所以建立在不斷透支環(huán)境資源與公眾健康基礎(chǔ)上的傳統(tǒng)GDP增長(zhǎng)模式是不足取的。環(huán)境保護(hù)部門(mén)公開(kāi)的中國(guó)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)核算報(bào)告稱(chēng),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的環(huán)境污染代價(jià)不斷上升,每年因經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的污染已接近1萬(wàn)億元,而且這一數(shù)字在逐年升高�，F(xiàn)實(shí)告訴我們環(huán)境問(wèn)題不容忽視。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我們始終打著“誰(shuí)污染,誰(shuí)治理”的口號(hào),著重對(duì)污染的事后治理而忽視事前防范,這些年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)告訴我們環(huán)境問(wèn)題不容小覷,一點(diǎn)潛在的環(huán)境因素也許會(huì)引發(fā)前所未有的巨大災(zāi)難。 所以對(duì)待環(huán)境問(wèn)題要謹(jǐn)記“宜未雨而綢繆,勿臨渴而掘井”。環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度、許可證制度、限期治理制度、“三同時(shí)”制度等是我們所熟知的事前環(huán)保制度。其中環(huán)�！叭瑫r(shí)”制度是最具有中國(guó)特色的環(huán)境保護(hù)制度,但是在具體的實(shí)施過(guò)程中還存在這樣那樣的問(wèn)題,這就需要法律法規(guī)的明確規(guī)定確保其順利實(shí)施。在各項(xiàng)工程落實(shí)的同時(shí),保證對(duì)環(huán)境的危害最小,從源頭上遏制環(huán)境污染。它與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度相輔相成,成為貫徹預(yù)防為主方針的環(huán)境管理制度。要真正做到合理布局,防患于未然,就必須把“三同時(shí)”和環(huán)評(píng)結(jié)合起來(lái),才能最大限度地消除污染。但是“三同時(shí)”制度沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的重視,《環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)法》頒布施行后,和其同等重要的“三同時(shí)”似乎被人們忽略。在廣西南丹調(diào)研的過(guò)程中,我們走訪(fǎng)了政府部門(mén)和企業(yè),通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)人員的采訪(fǎng)、發(fā)放調(diào)查問(wèn)卷以及得到的環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的數(shù)據(jù),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人并不知曉“三同時(shí)”制度為何物,而一些建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)度多標(biāo)明是否環(huán)評(píng)卻沒(méi)有“三同時(shí)”實(shí)施的相關(guān)信息。這說(shuō)明“三同時(shí)”制度并沒(méi)有實(shí)施到位,還存在許多問(wèn)題,歸根結(jié)底是法律規(guī)定不到位。 我國(guó)目前對(duì)環(huán)�！叭瑫r(shí)”制度的探討多結(jié)合具體環(huán)保對(duì)象,如水土保持的“三同時(shí)”、開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的“三同時(shí)”建設(shè)等,其理論研究多是對(duì)此制度的概念、發(fā)展階段加以論述,并沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容。本文著重從法律角度對(duì)“三同時(shí)”制度加以探討,也吸收借鑒前人對(duì)此制度的一些觀點(diǎn)。本文首先通過(guò)對(duì)“三同時(shí)”制度的概念及具體內(nèi)容做出概述,然后通過(guò)對(duì)“三同時(shí)”制度的概念分析總結(jié)出其特征,明晰其存在的重要意義。其次,要明確“三同時(shí)”制度存在的理論基礎(chǔ)和發(fā)展階段。再次就是明確其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀并找出在實(shí)施過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題。最后,結(jié)合環(huán)�！叭瑫r(shí)”制度法律規(guī)定的分析,相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和完善進(jìn)行理論探討,力求提出合理的完善建議,以便在今后的實(shí)踐過(guò)程中盡善盡美。其中對(duì)于我國(guó)“三同時(shí)”制度理論基礎(chǔ)的研究上,筆者由于這項(xiàng)制度是我國(guó)獨(dú)創(chuàng),沒(méi)有深厚的理論基礎(chǔ),國(guó)外立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)可資借鑒的少之又少,只能從預(yù)防原則、環(huán)境政策及環(huán)境管理找到其淵源,健全我國(guó)的“三同時(shí)”法律制度。
[Abstract]:During the 11th Five-Year, China's economy developed rapidly and contributed greatly to the global economy. The material living standard of the people was greatly improved, but at the same time in economic development, we also paid a painful environmental price. With the development of our economy, the construction projects in various places are increasing, and China is facing increasingly severe environmental problems. The pipe is the water pollution accident in the Songhua River or the sewage leakage of the purple gold mining industry or the recent cadmium pollution in Longjiang, Guangxi. A living example is present. The environmental crisis is increasingly restricting the economic development. Because the high energy consumption, high pollution, high risk development way can not be sustained, so it is established in the continuous overdraft environment. The traditional GDP growth model on the basis of resources and public health is insufficient. The environmental economic accounting report published by the environmental protection department says that the environmental pollution cost of China's economic development is rising constantly, the pollution caused by economic development has been close to 1 trillion yuan every year, and this number is increasing year by year. The problem can not be ignored. For a long time, we have always been playing the slogan of "who pollution, who govern", focusing on the prevention of pollution after the prevention, and the experience and lessons of these years tell us that environmental problems can not be underestimated, a little potential environmental factors may lead to unprecedented catastrophe.
Therefore, we should bear in mind that the environmental problems should be kept in mind: "it is not necessary to prepare for rain and prepare for a well". The environmental impact assessment system, the license system, the time limit governance system, the "Three Simultaneity" system are known as the environmental protection system. The environmental protection "Three Simultaneity" system is the most Chinese characteristic environmental protection system, but it is specific In the process of implementation, such problems still exist, which requires clear provisions of laws and regulations to ensure its smooth implementation. At the same time, the environmental pollution is minimized and the environmental pollution is contained at the same time. It is complementary to the environmental impact assessment system and becomes an environmental management system for the implementation of the main policy of prevention. It is necessary to combine "three at the same time" with environmental assessment to maximize the elimination of pollution. But the "Three Simultaneity" system has not been given due attention. After the enactment and implementation of the environmental impact assessment law, the "Three Simultaneity", which is equally important, seems to be ignored. In Nandan, Guangxi In the course of the process, we visited the government departments and enterprises, through interviews with relevant personnel, the issuance of questionnaires and data on environmental protection, we found that many people do not know what the "Three Simultaneity" system is, and the progress of some construction projects clearly indicates whether the environmental assessment is not "three at the same time" related letter. This shows that the "Three Simultaneity" system has not been put into place, and there are still many problems. In the final analysis, the legal provisions are not in place.
At present, our country's discussion of the "Three Simultaneity" system of environmental protection is mostly combined with specific environmental protection objects, such as the "Three Simultaneity" of soil and water conservation, and the construction of "Three Simultaneity" in the development zone. Its theoretical research is mostly the concept of this system, the development stage is discussed, and there is no substantial content. This article focuses on "three at the same time" from the legal point of view. In this paper, the concept and specific content of the "Three Simultaneity" system are summarized, and then the characteristics of the "Three Simultaneity" system are summarized, and the significance of its existence is clarified. Secondly, the existence of the "Three Simultaneity" system should be clarified. On the basis and the stage of development. Again, it is to clarify its development status and find out the existing problems in the process of implementation. Finally, combined with the analysis of the legal provisions of the "Three Simultaneity" system of environmental protection, the further development and improvement of relevant laws and regulations are discussed in theory, so as to make reasonable suggestions for perfection so as to do the best in the future practice. In the study of the theoretical basis of the "Three Simultaneity" system in China, the author, because this system is our country's original creation, has no profound theoretical foundation, the foreign legislative experience can be used for reference, only from the prevention principle, environmental policy and environmental management to find its origin, and improve the "Three Simultaneity" legal system of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.68

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