本文選題：突發(fā)事件 + 突發(fā)環(huán)境事件��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國正處于改革發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期,在體制轉(zhuǎn)換、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和社會變革的過程中,各類社會問題易發(fā)多發(fā),特別是人與自然的矛盾隨著工業(yè)化進程的不斷加速而日益尖銳,而在人與自然的各類矛盾中,又以突發(fā)環(huán)境事件為主要代表。突發(fā)環(huán)境事件由于具有發(fā)生時間、空間不確定性、影響范圍大、處置復(fù)雜等特點,而對社會生產(chǎn)生活乃至人類身體健康、生命安全帶來巨大威脅,是構(gòu)建和諧社會的“不定時炸彈”。目前,關(guān)于突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急的法律規(guī)定在我國憲法中還是一片空白,而諸如環(huán)境保護法、水污染防治法、大氣污染防治法等法律對應(yīng)對突發(fā)環(huán)境事件也規(guī)定不足。2006年我國頒布了《國家突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案》,作為應(yīng)對突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的專門規(guī)定,這是建設(shè)環(huán)境應(yīng)急法律制度的里程碑式事件。然而,面對錯綜復(fù)雜、瞬息萬變的社會生活,這部預(yù)案存在著法律位階較低、可操作性差、對公眾參與關(guān)注不足、與其他環(huán)境法律銜接不流暢等問題,并不能完全滿足環(huán)境應(yīng)急的需要。 本文由五個部分組成。在第一章,導(dǎo)論部分,首先會對研究背景、研究的目的和意義、研究理論、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究思路及研究方法、創(chuàng)新點等基本問題進行闡述;在明確研究目的、背景等基本問題后,本文在第二章著重分析了突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,主要包括突發(fā)環(huán)境事件概念的界定、突發(fā)環(huán)境事件產(chǎn)生原因及危害、突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的特征及本質(zhì)。突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的頻頻發(fā)生,不僅不利于貫徹落實科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,還是建設(shè)和諧社會的一大障礙;為進行比較研究,本文在第三章中介紹了美國、日本、俄羅斯、德國這幾個國家的突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急法律現(xiàn)狀,總體上說,西方發(fā)達國家的突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急法律相對完善,應(yīng)急體系也比較科學(xué),他們的經(jīng)驗可以給我們完善我國的突發(fā)環(huán)境應(yīng)急法律現(xiàn)狀提供一些啟示;在分析完其他國家的應(yīng)急現(xiàn)狀后,第四章分析了我國的突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急現(xiàn)狀,包括立法現(xiàn)狀、執(zhí)法現(xiàn)狀、公眾參與現(xiàn)狀、信息發(fā)布現(xiàn)狀等內(nèi)容,雖然我國已經(jīng)基本建立起中國特色的社會主義法律體系,但是突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急方面的法律規(guī)定還需要不斷完善;針對我國目前突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急存在的問題,第五章提出了完善突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急立法、嚴格環(huán)境執(zhí)法、推進信息發(fā)布、豐富應(yīng)急保障、落實法律獎懲規(guī)定等對策。 本文的創(chuàng)新點在提議建立突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的生態(tài)補償機制,在解決補償者與被補償者、量化補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)定生態(tài)補償資金來源、將一次性補償與長期性補償相結(jié)合等問題的基礎(chǔ)上,逐步建立起突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的生態(tài)補償機制。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in a critical period of reform and development. In the process of system transformation, structural adjustment and social change, various social problems are prone to occur, especially the contradiction between man and nature is becoming increasingly acute with the accelerating process of industrialization. In all kinds of contradictions between man and nature, unexpected environmental events are the main representatives. Because of the characteristics of time, spatial uncertainty, wide range of influence, complex disposal and so on, unexpected environmental events pose a great threat to the social production and life, even to the health and safety of human beings. It is the "time bomb" of building a harmonious society. At present, the legal provisions on environmental emergencies are still blank in the Constitution of our country, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, Laws such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air pollution also have insufficient provisions for responding to environmental emergencies. In 2006, China promulgated the National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies, which is a special provision for dealing with environmental emergencies. This is a milestone in the construction of an environmental emergency legal system. However, in the face of a complex and rapidly changing social life, this plan has problems such as low legal rank, poor operability, insufficient attention to public participation, and fluid convergence with other environmental laws. It does not fully meet the environmental emergency needs. This paper consists of five parts. In the first chapter, introduction, the background, the purpose and significance of the research, the research theory, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods, the innovation points and so on are discussed. After the background and other basic problems, this paper focuses on the analysis of the emergency environmental events in the second chapter, including the definition of the concept of environmental emergencies, the causes and hazards of sudden environmental events, the characteristics and nature of unexpected environmental events. The frequent occurrence of unexpected environmental events is not only not conducive to the implementation of the scientific concept of development, but also a major obstacle to building a harmonious society. In the third chapter, this paper introduces the United States, Japan, Russia, in order to carry out a comparative study. On the whole, the emergency laws of the western developed countries are relatively perfect, and the emergency system is relatively scientific. Their experience can provide us with some enlightenment to improve the legal situation of environmental emergencies in our country. After analyzing the current situation of emergency in other countries, the fourth chapter analyzes the current situation of emergent environmental emergencies in China, including the current situation of legislation. The current situation of law enforcement, public participation, information release and other content, although China has basically established a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, but the emergency of environmental emergencies in the legal provisions still need to be constantly improved; In view of the existing problems of environmental emergencies in China, the fifth chapter puts forward some countermeasures, such as perfecting emergency legislation, enforcing environmental law strictly, promoting information release, enriching emergency protection, and carrying out legal rewards and punishments. The innovation of this paper is to propose the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for environmental emergencies, to solve the compensator and compensator, to quantify the compensation standard, and to specify the source of ecological compensation funds. Based on the combination of one-time compensation and long-term compensation, the ecological compensation mechanism of unexpected environmental events is established step by step.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 郭明莉;;突發(fā)環(huán)境污染事件應(yīng)急法制的思考——從重金屬污染切入[J];湘南學(xué)院學(xué)報;2012年04期

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本文編號：1874014