本文選題：TPP + 環(huán)境條款�。� 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中涵蓋環(huán)境條款已經(jīng)是一種新常態(tài),在多哈回合環(huán)境談判沒有進(jìn)展的情形下,各國開始在雙邊、多邊或區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中尋求環(huán)境談判的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展�！犊缣窖蠡锇殛P(guān)系協(xié)定》(The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement,簡稱TPP)環(huán)境條款的簽訂代表著自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定環(huán)境保護(hù)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的誕生。該協(xié)定自成立之初就宣稱設(shè)置了21世紀(jì)最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)境條款,環(huán)境章節(jié)的內(nèi)容豐富且具體、強(qiáng)調(diào)公眾參與、深化環(huán)境合作框架、將環(huán)境爭端納入貿(mào)易爭端解決機(jī)制。TPP環(huán)境條款宣示了當(dāng)前國際大背景下環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的發(fā)展動向,昭示了國際環(huán)境強(qiáng)保護(hù)仍在持續(xù)增強(qiáng)。中國目前已經(jīng)簽訂的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定有13個(gè),基本都包括環(huán)境條款。但與TPP環(huán)境條款相比,存在覆蓋范圍窄、多為原則性規(guī)定,缺乏具體、實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容和約束力。中國自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的環(huán)境條款還有很大的進(jìn)步空間。作為TPP成員國之一的美國,在新任總統(tǒng)特朗普上任后就宣布退出TPP,TPP的前景撲朔迷離。中國目前不是TPP的成員國,短期內(nèi)其高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境條款對中國產(chǎn)生的影響并不明顯。從長遠(yuǎn)來看,中國在未來加入TPP也不是沒有可能,即使中國不加入,TPP最終也沒有生效,但其環(huán)境條款已經(jīng)成為各國簽訂自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定環(huán)境章節(jié)的參考文本。其環(huán)境高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將給中國的國際貿(mào)易、國內(nèi)企業(yè)、環(huán)境法律制度帶來巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。但機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)并存,中國在應(yīng)對TPP環(huán)境條款帶來的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí),可以使我國在政治上樹立起負(fù)責(zé)任的大國形象、在戰(zhàn)略上實(shí)現(xiàn)我國自由貿(mào)易區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)、在環(huán)境上推動生態(tài)文明建設(shè)、在經(jīng)濟(jì)上促進(jìn)環(huán)境產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)貿(mào)易。對中國而言,不論是現(xiàn)在還是將來,完善自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的環(huán)境條款已經(jīng)是大勢所趨。環(huán)境條款也已經(jīng)成為自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定談判中不可或缺的重要內(nèi)容之一。中國在應(yīng)對TPP環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn),完善自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定環(huán)境條款時(shí),應(yīng)該做到:首先要堅(jiān)持設(shè)置環(huán)境條款的基本原則;其次,要建立環(huán)境條款談判的保障措施;再次,要建立起環(huán)境條款的示范文本;最后,要發(fā)揮自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)的先行示范作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the inclusion of environmental provisions in free trade agreements has become a new norm, with countries beginning to work bilaterally in the absence of progress in the Doha Round of environmental negotiations. Multilateral or regional trade agreements seek the further development of environmental negotiations. The signing of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement represents the birth of a high standard of environmental protection in free trade agreements. Since its inception, the Agreement has claimed to have set the highest standards of environmental provisions for the twenty-first century, environmental chapters are rich and specific, emphasize public participation and deepen the framework for environmental cooperation, Bringing environmental disputes into trade dispute settlement mechanism. TPP environmental clause declares the development trend of environmental protection clause under the international background and indicates that the strong international environmental protection is still strengthening. China has now signed 13 free trade agreements, basically including environmental provisions. However, compared with the TPP environmental clause, there is a narrow scope of coverage, most of which are principled provisions, and lack of specific, substantive content and binding force. There is still much room for improvement in the environmental provisions of China's free trade agreements. The prospect of the United States, a member of the TPP, having announced its withdrawal from the TPP as soon as the new President Donald Trump took office, is uncertain. China is not currently a member of the TPP, and the impact of its high-standard environmental provisions on China in the short term is not obvious. In the long run, it is not impossible for China to join the TPP in the future. Even if China does not join the TPP, its environmental provisions have become the reference text for the chapters on the environment of free trade agreements. Its high environmental standards will bring great challenges to China's international trade, domestic enterprises and environmental legal system. However, both opportunities and challenges exist. When China is dealing with the challenges brought about by the environmental provisions of TPP, it can make China establish a responsible image of a big country in politics and realize the construction of a network of free trade zones in our country strategically. Promote the construction of ecological civilization in the environment and promote trade in environmental goods and services economically. For China, it is a general trend to perfect the environment clause in free trade agreement now and in the future. Environmental provisions have also become an indispensable part of the negotiation of free trade agreements. In dealing with the environmental challenges of TPP and perfecting the environmental provisions of the Free Trade Agreement, China should: first, adhere to the basic principles of setting up environmental provisions; secondly, establish safeguards for the negotiation of environmental provisions; thirdly, To establish a model text of environmental provisions; finally, to give play to the free trade pilot area of the pilot role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.295;D922.68

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