本文選題：生態(tài)優(yōu)先 + 可持續(xù)發(fā)展��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 森林具有多種功能,這些功能大致可以劃分為經(jīng)濟(jì)功能、社會(huì)功能和生態(tài)功能三類。其中生態(tài)功能是森林諸多功能之中最基礎(chǔ)和本原的功能,森林生態(tài)功能的損害不僅影響到森林經(jīng)濟(jì)功能和社會(huì)功能的提供,甚至還影響到氣候的變化和人類生存環(huán)境的變化。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康發(fā)展,我們必須重新審視人類與森林之間的關(guān)系。注重森林的生態(tài)價(jià)值,要求人類尊重森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)在價(jià)值,尊重客觀生態(tài)規(guī)律。森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有著自己獨(dú)立的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動(dòng)規(guī)律,人類開發(fā)利用森林資源的行為不得破壞森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡狀態(tài)。因此,森林管理制度應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮森林生態(tài)規(guī)律,最大限度地保持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的完整和平衡。 現(xiàn)行《森林法》更傾向于將森林的工具價(jià)值作為立法的指導(dǎo)理念,相關(guān)管理制度的制定缺乏對(duì)生態(tài)規(guī)律的尊重。因此,基于生態(tài)價(jià)值的指導(dǎo),在尊重生態(tài)規(guī)律的前提下,應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)行森林法律制度進(jìn)行檢視和重構(gòu)。 “天然林”具有最好的蓄水保土、防風(fēng)固沙、涵養(yǎng)水源以及生物多樣性保護(hù)等生態(tài)功能,但在集體林權(quán)改革的過(guò)程中很多“天然林”被替換為生態(tài)功能差而經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好的“人工純林”,人們?cè)谑斋@木材和其它森林果實(shí)的同時(shí)卻面臨著洪澇災(zāi)害頻頻爆發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)。筆者認(rèn)為,應(yīng)當(dāng)制定“天然林保護(hù)制度”,將“天然林保護(hù)工程”上升為法律制度以加大對(duì)天然林的保護(hù)。根據(jù)森林不同屬性和用途將森林劃分為兩類:商品林和公益林,實(shí)行分類管理。同時(shí)將具有生態(tài)公益性質(zhì)的森林收歸國(guó)有,避免集體林地承包后“天然林”被替換的危險(xiǎn)。完善森林生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償制度,保證公益林區(qū)居民的基本生活條件,實(shí)現(xiàn)不同區(qū)域間的生態(tài)公平。 “森林之火”在不構(gòu)成“森林火災(zāi)”的前提下,對(duì)森林肌體的健康是有益的。“森林防火制度”杜絕一切森林之火的發(fā)生是違背森林生態(tài)規(guī)律的,杜絕一切林火的存在往往是導(dǎo)致森林火災(zāi)的主要原因,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)將“森林防火制度”改為“林火管理制度”。在以生態(tài)價(jià)值為價(jià)值取向的立法思想的指導(dǎo)下,筆者對(duì)森林資產(chǎn)評(píng)估和林權(quán)登記制度、林業(yè)重點(diǎn)工程的管理、林業(yè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃和森林經(jīng)營(yíng)方案、林地征用制度、林業(yè)工作站的法律地位、森林公安的管理體制、森林公園管理制度、森林資源培育制度、森林資源利用制度以及森林認(rèn)證制度等進(jìn)行了梳理和重構(gòu),進(jìn)一步完善對(duì)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的管理和保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Forest has many functions, which can be divided into economic function, social function and ecological function.Ecological function is the most basic and original function of forest. The damage of forest ecological function not only affects the provision of forest economic and social functions, but also affects the climate change and the change of human living environment.In order to realize the healthy development of forest ecosystem, we must re-examine the relationship between human beings and forests.Paying attention to the ecological value of forest requires that human beings respect the intrinsic value of forest ecosystem and the objective ecological law.Forest ecosystem has its own independent laws of material circulation and energy flow. Human exploitation and utilization of forest resources should not destroy the balance of forest ecosystem.Therefore, forest management system should take full account of forest ecological law, and maintain the integrity and balance of forest ecosystem to the maximum extent.The present Forest Law is more inclined to regard the instrumental value of forest as the guiding concept of legislation, and the establishment of relevant management system lacks respect for ecological laws.Therefore, based on the guidance of ecological value and under the premise of respecting ecological laws, the present forest legal system should be examined and reconstructed.The "natural forest" has the best ecological functions, such as water storage and soil conservation, wind and sand prevention, water conservation and biodiversity conservation, etc.However, in the process of collective forest right reform, many "natural forests" have been replaced by "artificial pure forests" with poor ecological functions and good economic benefits. People are faced with the risk of frequent flood and waterlogging disasters while harvesting wood and other forest fruits.The author holds that "natural forest protection system" should be formulated, and "natural forest protection project" should be raised to legal system to increase the protection of natural forest.According to different properties and uses of forest, the forest is classified into two categories: commercial forest and public welfare forest.At the same time, the forest with ecological commonweal nature is nationalized to avoid the danger of "natural forest" being replaced after collective forest land contract.Improve the compensation system of forest ecological benefits, ensure the basic living conditions of residents in public welfare forest areas, and realize ecological equity among different regions.Forest fire is beneficial to the health of forest body on the premise that it does not constitute forest fire.The "forest fire prevention system" to prevent all forest fires from occurring is contrary to the ecological laws of the forest, and the existence of all forest fires is often the main cause of forest fires.The author thinks that "forest fire prevention system" should be changed to "forest fire management system".Under the guidance of the legislative thought of taking ecological value as the value orientation, the author gives an analysis of the forest assets assessment and forest property registration system, the management of key forestry projects, the long-term plan of forestry and forest management, the system of forest land expropriation.The legal status of forestry workstation, the management system of forest public security, forest park management system, forest resource cultivation system, forest resource utilization system and forest certification system are sorted out and reconstructed.We will further improve the management and protection of forest ecosystems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D922.63;F326.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 黃軍輝;;淺析我國(guó)《森林法》中民事責(zé)任制度及其完善[J];法學(xué)雜志;2011年01期

2 馬建剛;;《森林法》修改應(yīng)該厘清森林的法律概念[J];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年01期

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本文編號(hào)：1746451