本文選題：風(fēng)能　切入點(diǎn)：政府主導(dǎo)　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 能源、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系是我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展必然面臨的問(wèn)題,而其中最關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題就是能源的使用在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),能否保持環(huán)境不被破壞。目前,我國(guó)面臨著能源結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理,能源利用效率低下,能源安全保障程度較差,能源與資源、環(huán)境和社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾日益突出,以及能源管理體制亟待理順等一系列問(wèn)題。我國(guó)以煤為主的能源結(jié)構(gòu)也將帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的大氣污染。所以,以化石燃料作為能源消耗主體的能源結(jié)構(gòu)日益顯示出缺陷,發(fā)展風(fēng)能等可再生能源能夠優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu),緩解環(huán)境壓力,從而可以實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益和環(huán)境效益的統(tǒng)一,促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 2005年2月28日在第十屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第14次會(huì)議通過(guò)的《可再生能源法》是促進(jìn)可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,增加能源供應(yīng),改善能源結(jié)構(gòu),保障能源安全,保護(hù)環(huán)境,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本法律。該法確立了我國(guó)發(fā)展風(fēng)能的一些重要的法律制度,包括：總量目標(biāo)制度、上網(wǎng)電價(jià)與費(fèi)用分?jǐn)傊贫�、�?zhuān)項(xiàng)資金和稅收、信貸鼓勵(lì)措施和并網(wǎng)發(fā)電審批和全額收購(gòu)制度等。其他法律法規(guī)也規(guī)定了一系列風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用的制度措施。 我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的《可再生能源法》在立法原則和基本法律制度設(shè)計(jì)方面是緊跟國(guó)際潮流的,反映了國(guó)際風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用的基本制度方向。但是,我國(guó)《可再生能源法》并非完美,在風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用制度存在著以下問(wèn)題：一是政府主導(dǎo)作用的發(fā)揮有待改進(jìn)；二是缺乏一套體現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的資金融通制度；三是風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用資金管理、利用和監(jiān)督方面存在缺陷；四是總量目標(biāo)制度的不足 為此,本文提出了完善我國(guó)風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用相關(guān)制度的建議,包括： 一是完善我國(guó)風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用制度的原則。包括政府主導(dǎo)原則；市場(chǎng)調(diào)控原則；公眾參與原則等。 二是完善風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用中的政府角色定位。其基本方向就是三個(gè)結(jié)合：政府責(zé)任與公眾參與相結(jié)合；政府主導(dǎo)與市場(chǎng)調(diào)控相結(jié)合；當(dāng)前發(fā)展與長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃相結(jié)合。 三是完善風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用融資制度。依據(jù)“誰(shuí)污染誰(shuí)負(fù)擔(dān)”的原則,打破單純依靠政府投資的傳統(tǒng)方式,從消費(fèi)者入手進(jìn)行風(fēng)能發(fā)展融資,從而建立起一種多元化的風(fēng)能資金融通制度體系。 四是風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)利用資金管理、使用和監(jiān)督制度的改進(jìn)。應(yīng)設(shè)立獨(dú)立的管理部門(mén),或由政府投資設(shè)立一個(gè)以企業(yè)模式運(yùn)作的獨(dú)立公司來(lái)進(jìn)行管理。在使用制度上,在風(fēng)能發(fā)展的不同時(shí)期,資金使用方式應(yīng)該是一個(gè)從劃撥到逐步擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)化手段的漸進(jìn)過(guò)程。在監(jiān)督制度中,我國(guó)的做法應(yīng)該是由政府主導(dǎo)監(jiān)督,同時(shí)吸收其他主體進(jìn)行廣泛的參與,設(shè)立一種資金的社會(huì)化監(jiān)督機(jī)制。 五是總量目標(biāo)制度的完善。我國(guó)應(yīng)明確規(guī)定風(fēng)能發(fā)展總量目標(biāo),并嚴(yán)格許可標(biāo)準(zhǔn),加強(qiáng)對(duì)供電企業(yè)履行義務(wù)行為的監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:The relationship among energy, economy and environment is an inevitable problem for the sustainable development of our country, and the most crucial question is whether the use of energy can keep the environment intact while promoting economic development. At present, Our country is faced with unreasonable energy structure, low efficiency of energy use, poor degree of energy security, contradiction between energy and resources, environment and social development. A series of problems such as energy management system need to be straightened out urgently. The energy structure based on coal in China will also bring serious air pollution. Therefore, the energy structure with fossil fuels as the main energy consuming body has increasingly shown its defects. The development of renewable energy, such as wind energy, can optimize the energy structure, relieve environmental pressure, realize the unification of economic, social and environmental benefits, and promote sustainable development. The Law on Renewable Energy, adopted at the 14th meeting of the standing Committee of the 10th National people's Congress in February 28th 2005, is to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy, increase energy supply, improve energy structure, safeguard energy security and protect the environment. This law establishes some important legal systems for the development of wind energy in our country, including: total volume target system, electricity price and expense sharing system, special fund and tax, Credit incentives, grid-connected power generation approval and full acquisition systems, etc. Other laws and regulations also set out a series of wind energy development and utilization of institutional measures. The existing Law on Renewable Energy in China follows the international trend in the legislative principles and the design of the basic legal system, which reflects the basic system direction of the international wind energy development and utilization. However, the Renewable Energy Law of China is not perfect. The following problems exist in the system of wind energy development and utilization: first, the play of the leading role of the government needs to be improved; second, there is a lack of a fund financing system that embodies the market mechanism; third, the capital management for the development and utilization of wind energy. There are defects in utilization and supervision; fourth, the deficiency of the total target system. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the system of wind energy development and utilization in China, including:. First, the principles of perfecting the system of wind energy exploitation and utilization in China, including the principle of government leading, the principle of market regulation and control, the principle of public participation and so on. The second is to perfect the role of the government in the development and utilization of wind energy. Its basic direction is the combination of government responsibility and public participation; the combination of government leadership and market regulation; and the combination of current development and long-term planning. Third, improve the financing system for wind energy development and utilization. According to the principle of "who pollutes who pays," break the traditional way of relying solely on government investment, and start with consumers to carry out wind energy development financing. In order to establish a diversified system of wind energy financing system. Fourth, the improvement of the management, use and supervision system of wind energy development and utilization funds. An independent management department should be set up, or an independent company operating in an enterprise model should be invested by the government to manage it. In terms of the use system, In different periods of wind energy development, the use of funds should be a gradual process from allocation to gradual expansion of market-oriented means. In the supervisory system, the practice in our country should be supervised by the government. At the same time, absorb other main body to carry on extensive participation, set up a kind of social supervision mechanism of capital. The fifth is the perfection of the gross target system. Our country should clearly stipulate the total wind energy development target and strictly enforce the licensing standards and strengthen the supervision of the power supply enterprises to fulfill their obligations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.67

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 黃s，

本文編號(hào)：1621833