本文選題：地下水資源　切入點：非法開采地下水罪　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地下水資源對我國經(jīng)濟和社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展起著非常關(guān)鍵的作用，其重要性不言而喻。但隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，人口的增多，用水量急劇增加，供需矛盾緊張，甚至有些地方，有些企業(yè)濫采，超采地下水，使得我國本來就稀缺的地下水資源日益匱乏，地下水污染也頻頻發(fā)生，不僅造成生態(tài)嚴重破壞，甚至?xí)＜暗饺祟惖纳拓敭a(chǎn)安全。但是，目前地下水資源相關(guān)立法還比較滯后，雖然在民法與行政法方面對此都有所規(guī)制，但是效果并不是很明顯，我國刑法雖然涉及相關(guān)水資源犯罪，但并沒專門對地下水資源進行刑事立法，地下水資源在刑法保護仍然處于空白。英國、日本及德國等國家在地下水資源保護方面的立法都比較先進，如在刑法中對地下水資源設(shè)立獨立罪名進行保護，為我國地下水資源保護立法提供了借鑒。由于我國目前地下水資源破壞嚴重，必須及時完善我國刑法立法，實現(xiàn)對地下水資源的刑法保護。 本文分四個部分來寫。第一部分主要詳細介紹了我國地下水的概況，從地下水資源的概念和分類進行界定，進而分析我國地下水資源破壞現(xiàn)狀，主要包括地下水資源污染與過度開采，地下水的破壞不僅使生態(tài)環(huán)境面臨威脅，而且嚴重影響人類生存；第二部分主要介紹我國地下水資源刑事立法現(xiàn)狀以及存在的缺陷�，F(xiàn)行刑法僅在重大環(huán)境污染犯罪及非法采礦罪中有所涉及地下水資源犯罪，并沒有專門設(shè)置地下水資源犯罪。然后從立法理念落后、立法內(nèi)容缺失、結(jié)果犯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題以及刑罰設(shè)置不合理等問題分析地下水資源刑事立法方面的缺陷。因此，應(yīng)及時完善我國地下水資源刑事立法；第三部分介紹了一些國外先進的地下水資源保護的刑事立法和對我國的借鑒。主要介紹了日本，德國、英國以及美國這四個國家地下水資源的先進的刑事立法，都切實有效對本國地下水資源進行保護，也為我國地下水資源保護提供借鑒，比如：設(shè)立獨立罪名，以危險犯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置地下水資源犯罪以及注重刑罰的多樣性等；第四部分提出完善我國地下水資源刑法保護的建議，具體包括立法理念的更新，，增設(shè)“非法開采地下水罪”、以危險犯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來設(shè)置地下水資源犯罪、重新設(shè)計刑罰以及加強法律之間的有效銜接，與此同時，還應(yīng)加強執(zhí)法和司法水平，切實有效的保護地下水資源。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resources play a very important role in the sustainable development of economy and society in our country. However, with the rapid development of economy, the increase of population, the sharp increase of water consumption, the shortage of supply and demand, and even some places, the groundwater resources play a very important role in the sustainable development of our country's economy and society. Some enterprises have overexploited groundwater, which makes our country's already scarce groundwater resources increasingly scarce, groundwater pollution also occurs frequently, which not only causes serious ecological damage, but also endangers the safety of human life and property. At present, the legislation on groundwater resources is still lagging behind. Although there are some regulations in civil law and administrative law, the effect is not obvious. Although the criminal law of our country involves the crime of related water resources, However, there is no specific criminal legislation on groundwater resources, and the protection of groundwater resources in criminal law is still blank. Britain, Japan, Germany and other countries have advanced legislation on groundwater resources protection. For example, to protect groundwater resources by establishing an independent crime in criminal law provides a reference for the legislation of groundwater resources protection in our country. Because of the serious damage of groundwater resources in our country at present, it is necessary to perfect the legislation of criminal law in time. To realize the criminal law protection of groundwater resources. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the general situation of groundwater in China, defines the concept and classification of groundwater resources, and then analyzes the present situation of groundwater resources destruction in China. The damage of groundwater not only threatens the ecological environment, but also seriously affects the survival of human beings. The second part mainly introduces the present situation and defects of the criminal legislation on groundwater resources in China. The present criminal law only involves the crime of groundwater resources among the major crimes of environmental pollution and illegal mining. There is no special set of groundwater resources crime. Then the defects in the criminal legislation of groundwater resources are analyzed from the following aspects: the legislation idea is backward, the legislation content is missing, the result is the standard problem and the penalty is not reasonable. The third part introduces some foreign advanced criminal legislation on groundwater resources protection and its reference to our country. The advanced criminal legislation on groundwater resources in the United Kingdom and the United States has effectively and effectively protected its own groundwater resources, and has also provided a reference for the protection of groundwater resources in our country, such as establishing an independent crime. Set up the crime of groundwater resources and pay attention to the diversity of penalty according to the standard of dangerous crime. Part 4th puts forward some suggestions to perfect the criminal protection of groundwater resources in China, including the renewal of legislative idea, The establishment of the crime of "illegal exploitation of groundwater", the establishment of the offence of groundwater resources by the standard of dangerous violations, the redesign of penalties and the strengthening of effective links between laws, while at the same time strengthening the level of law enforcement and the administration of justice, Effective protection of groundwater resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D924;D922.66

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