實際施工人的訴權初探
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-28 11:46
【摘要】：針對實際施工人能否直接起訴發(fā)包人的問題,各方存在不同見解。有學者認為不應賦予實際施工人直接起訴發(fā)包人的權利,有學者認為僅實際施工人中的掛靠人不具備該資格,也有學者認為掛靠人也應享有該資格。筆者對此問題持肯定觀點,從《關于審理建設工程施工合同糾紛案件適用法律問題的解釋》(以下簡稱《司法解釋》)第26條條文理解、法理分析以及該《司法解釋》的出臺目的出發(fā),結(jié)合其他法律法規(guī)及地方指導意見,以及條文對實際施工人的限制等角度,對該觀點進行了闡述,并就實際施工人如何保護自身的利益給出了比較實務性的建議。 全文共分為三章： 第一章,結(jié)合《司法解釋》出臺之目的,對實際施工人的概念及其形式進行了探討,得出實際施工人包含非法轉(zhuǎn)包合同中的轉(zhuǎn)承包人、違法分包合同中的分包人以及沒有資質(zhì)借用他人資質(zhì)的掛靠人,并對產(chǎn)生實際施工人的社會大背景進行了淺要分析,從權益保護的角度探究了實際施工人的生存現(xiàn)狀。 第二章,對于《司法解釋》第26條第2款賦予實際施工人直接起訴發(fā)包人權利這一制度進行了深入探究。首先,針對現(xiàn)存的關于這一制度的不同觀點進行研究,并給出肯定的立場及觀點：一、合同相對性原則在這類糾紛中存在突破的必要性和可行性；二、即使不另行突破,《合同法》中已為大陸法國家所接受的且已突破合同相對性原則的另一制度——代位權制度也同樣可以用來解釋第26條第2款的適用；三、再退一步講,即使是從事實合同關系的角度,同樣可以解釋實際施工人享有這一訴權的合法性與合理性。其次,在論證了實際施工人理應享有直接起訴發(fā)包人的訴權的基礎上,對掛靠人是否屬于《司法解釋》第26條中的“實際施工人”,即掛靠人是否同其他實際施工人一樣享有直接起訴發(fā)包人的權利,進行了分析,認為無論是從法條的文義出發(fā),法條出臺前后的立法進程出發(fā),還是從法條出臺的目的出發(fā),掛靠人享有這種權利是必然的。 第三章,討論了實際施工人直接起訴發(fā)包人所需具備的條件以及在該訴訟中發(fā)包人所應承擔的責任。另外,對實際施工人如何更好的行使訴權提出了建議和構想,包括注重保存證據(jù)、及時行使訴權；選擇適當?shù)钠鹪V對象；做好合同管理、造價結(jié)算等工作。
[Abstract]:In view of the problem whether the actual construction workers can directly sue the contractors, there are different views. Some scholars think that the actual construction workers should not be given the right to sue the contractor directly. Some scholars think that only those who are affiliated with the actual construction workers do not have the qualification, and some scholars think that the connected workers should also enjoy the qualification. The author holds a positive point of view on this issue, and understands the provisions of Article 26 of "interpretation of the applicable Law in cases of Construction contract disputes" (hereinafter referred to as "Judicial interpretation"). Starting from the legal analysis and the purpose of the introduction of the Judicial interpretation, combined with other laws and regulations and local guidance, as well as the restrictions of the provisions on the actual construction workers, this paper expounds this point of view. Some practical suggestions on how to protect their own interests are given. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, combined with the purpose of the introduction of the Judicial interpretation, discusses the concept and form of the actual construction workers, and concludes that the actual construction workers include the subcontractors in the illegal subcontract. The subcontractors in the illegal subcontract and those who are not qualified to borrow the qualifications of others are analyzed, and the living situation of the actual construction workers is explored from the point of view of the protection of rights and interests. In the second chapter, the system of directly prosecuting the contractor is given to the actual construction workers in Article 26, paragraph 2, of Judicial interpretation. First of all, this paper studies the existing different views on this system, and gives positive positions and viewpoints: first, the necessity and feasibility of the breakthrough of the principle of relativity of contract in this kind of disputes; Second, even if there is no other breakthrough, the subrogation system, which has been accepted by the mainland law countries and has broken through the principle of relativity of the contract, can also be used to explain the application of Article 26, paragraph 2; Third, to take a step back, even from the point of view of the factual contractual relationship, we can also explain the legitimacy and rationality of the actual construction workers to enjoy this right of action. Secondly, on the basis of demonstrating that the actual construction workers should enjoy the right of action to sue the contractor directly, whether the connected person belongs to the "actual worker" in Article 26 of the Judicial interpretation, That is, whether the linked person, like other actual construction workers, has the same right to sue the contractor directly, and makes an analysis, and holds that whether it is based on the meaning of the law, the legislative process before and after the promulgation of the law, or from the purpose of the introduction of the law, It is inevitable for people to enjoy this right. In the third chapter, the conditions required for the actual construction workers to sue the contractor directly and the responsibilities of the contractor in the lawsuit are discussed. In addition, some suggestions and ideas are put forward on how to better exercise the right of action of the actual construction workers, including paying attention to the preservation of evidence and exercising the right of action in time; selecting the appropriate prosecution object; doing a good job of contract management, cost settlement and so on.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.297
本文編號：2487023
[Abstract]:In view of the problem whether the actual construction workers can directly sue the contractors, there are different views. Some scholars think that the actual construction workers should not be given the right to sue the contractor directly. Some scholars think that only those who are affiliated with the actual construction workers do not have the qualification, and some scholars think that the connected workers should also enjoy the qualification. The author holds a positive point of view on this issue, and understands the provisions of Article 26 of "interpretation of the applicable Law in cases of Construction contract disputes" (hereinafter referred to as "Judicial interpretation"). Starting from the legal analysis and the purpose of the introduction of the Judicial interpretation, combined with other laws and regulations and local guidance, as well as the restrictions of the provisions on the actual construction workers, this paper expounds this point of view. Some practical suggestions on how to protect their own interests are given. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, combined with the purpose of the introduction of the Judicial interpretation, discusses the concept and form of the actual construction workers, and concludes that the actual construction workers include the subcontractors in the illegal subcontract. The subcontractors in the illegal subcontract and those who are not qualified to borrow the qualifications of others are analyzed, and the living situation of the actual construction workers is explored from the point of view of the protection of rights and interests. In the second chapter, the system of directly prosecuting the contractor is given to the actual construction workers in Article 26, paragraph 2, of Judicial interpretation. First of all, this paper studies the existing different views on this system, and gives positive positions and viewpoints: first, the necessity and feasibility of the breakthrough of the principle of relativity of contract in this kind of disputes; Second, even if there is no other breakthrough, the subrogation system, which has been accepted by the mainland law countries and has broken through the principle of relativity of the contract, can also be used to explain the application of Article 26, paragraph 2; Third, to take a step back, even from the point of view of the factual contractual relationship, we can also explain the legitimacy and rationality of the actual construction workers to enjoy this right of action. Secondly, on the basis of demonstrating that the actual construction workers should enjoy the right of action to sue the contractor directly, whether the connected person belongs to the "actual worker" in Article 26 of the Judicial interpretation, That is, whether the linked person, like other actual construction workers, has the same right to sue the contractor directly, and makes an analysis, and holds that whether it is based on the meaning of the law, the legislative process before and after the promulgation of the law, or from the purpose of the introduction of the law, It is inevitable for people to enjoy this right. In the third chapter, the conditions required for the actual construction workers to sue the contractor directly and the responsibilities of the contractor in the lawsuit are discussed. In addition, some suggestions and ideas are put forward on how to better exercise the right of action of the actual construction workers, including paying attention to the preservation of evidence and exercising the right of action in time; selecting the appropriate prosecution object; doing a good job of contract management, cost settlement and so on.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.297
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