本文選題：違法分包 + 合同無效��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)建設(shè)工程的流程設(shè)計(jì)，建設(shè)工程分為發(fā)包、承包和分包三大部分；對(duì)于分包的法律性質(zhì)認(rèn)定，學(xué)界主要有第三人代為履行、債務(wù)代替履行、并存的債務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移這三種觀點(diǎn)，其中并存的債務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移這一觀點(diǎn)能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地說明分包的法律性質(zhì)。 根據(jù)現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定、司法解釋和判例，違法分包的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）行為主體是否符合相應(yīng)的資質(zhì)條件或作出了真實(shí)的認(rèn)可的意思表示；（2）行為對(duì)象即建設(shè)工程是否具有可分包性；（3）分包是否具備一定的要件，如分包合同是否采用備案等；（4）行為主體的行為方式是否符合法律規(guī)定，即應(yīng)當(dāng)招標(biāo)分包的是否招標(biāo)等。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步細(xì)化違法分包的類型，包括分包人不具備相應(yīng)資質(zhì)或資質(zhì)較低承攬工程、將建設(shè)工程主體結(jié)構(gòu)或關(guān)鍵性工程等不適合分包的工程分包的、分包合同未備案的、發(fā)包人肢解發(fā)包、分包人再次分包等。現(xiàn)有法律明確規(guī)定了禁止違法分包的法律目的，即保護(hù)各方當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益、保證工程質(zhì)量、維護(hù)建設(shè)工程市場(chǎng)秩序等。結(jié)合信息不對(duì)稱、外部性理論、科斯定理的成本——收益法以及法的效率和公平價(jià)值理論對(duì)禁止違法分包目的的正當(dāng)性考量，認(rèn)為從多元視角均可論證禁止違法分包的立法目的是正當(dāng)且合理的。 最后，，違法分包的法律后果，包括行政法律后果和民事法律后果。行政法律后果包括責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓、降低資質(zhì)甚至吊銷資質(zhì)證書，沒收違法所得，罰款等，其中不同立法規(guī)定對(duì)于罰款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和數(shù)額規(guī)定不一致。民事法律后果主要包括違法分包合同效力及無效后果的處理，違法分包合同無效，應(yīng)按照《合同法》第58條規(guī)定處理，違法分包責(zé)任人仍應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量保修，且人民法院可收繳違法分包當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)取得的非法所得。無效合同損失責(zé)任范圍的界定可通過確認(rèn)損失費(fèi)用與建設(shè)工程的關(guān)聯(lián)性和獨(dú)立性來進(jìn)行判斷；根據(jù)工程是否竣工合格，對(duì)于無效合同的工程價(jià)款結(jié)算采取不同方式。實(shí)際施工人可以違法分包人或發(fā)包人為被告，但發(fā)包人僅在欠付工程價(jià)款范圍內(nèi)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；對(duì)外從事商事活動(dòng)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)表見代理的規(guī)定且結(jié)合工程實(shí)際情況嚴(yán)格認(rèn)定；在工程竣工合格后，仍享有建設(shè)工程價(jià)款優(yōu)先權(quán)；
[Abstract]:According to the process design of the construction project, the construction project is divided into three parts: contracting, contracting and subcontracting. As to the legal nature of subcontracting, there are mainly three viewpoints in academic circles: the third party performs on behalf, the debt replaces the performance, and the debt transfers coexist. The view of debt transfer can explain the legal nature of subcontracting more accurately. According to the existing legal provisions, judicial interpretation and jurisprudence, the definition of illegal subcontracting includes the following aspects: (1) whether the subject of the act conforms to the corresponding qualification conditions or makes a true acceptance of the intention; (2) whether the object of conduct is subcontracting; (3) whether the subcontracting has certain requirements, such as whether the subcontract is recorded or not; (4) whether the behavior of the subject is in accordance with the provisions of the law, Namely should invite bids subcontract whether to invite bids and so on. On this basis, the types of illegal subcontracting are further refined, including the subcontractors who do not possess the corresponding qualifications or have lower qualifications for contracting projects, subcontracts that subcontract works that are not suitable for subcontracting, such as the main structure of the construction project or key projects, if the subcontracting contract has not been put on record, The contractor dismembered the contract, and the subcontractor subcontracted again. The existing law clearly stipulates the legal purpose of prohibiting illegal subcontracting, that is, to protect the legal rights and interests of all parties, to ensure the quality of the project, to maintain the order of the construction project market, and so on. Considering the information asymmetry, externality theory, Coase Theorem's cost-benefit method, and the validity of the efficiency and fair value theory of law to prohibit illegal subcontracting, It is considered that the legislative purpose of prohibiting illegal subcontracting is justified and reasonable from multiple perspectives. Finally, the legal consequences of illegal subcontracting, including administrative legal consequences and civil legal consequences. The administrative legal consequences include ordering the suspension of business for rectification, lowering the qualification or even revoking the qualification certificate, confiscating illegal income, fines and so on, among which different legislative provisions do not accord with the standard and amount of the fine. The civil legal consequences mainly include the validity of illegal subcontract and the treatment of invalid consequence. If the illegal subcontract is invalid, it shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 58 of the contract Law, and the person responsible for illegal subcontracting shall still be responsible for the quality warranty of the construction project. And the people's court may confiscate the illegal gains already obtained by the illegal subparties. The definition of the scope of loss liability of invalid contract can be judged by confirming the relevance and independence between the loss cost and the construction project, and according to whether the project is completed or not, different ways are adopted to settle the project price of the invalid contract. The actual constructor may be the defendant of the illegal subcontractor or the contractor, but the contractor shall only bear the responsibility within the scope of the outstanding payment of the project price; when engaging in foreign commercial activities, it shall be strictly determined in accordance with the provisions of the apparent agency and in the light of the actual conditions of the project; After the completion of the project, it shall still enjoy the priority of the construction project price;
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D922.297

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