本文選題：商品房　切入點：格式條款　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年總體來看，我國商品房交易市場呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。伴隨住房制度的改革，百姓收入的提高及青年人剛性的購房需求刺激下，在今后比較長一段時間內(nèi)，商品房交易市場仍將保持較快的增長勢頭。然而，現(xiàn)實生活中由于商品房買賣產(chǎn)生的糾紛案件不僅在數(shù)量上日益劇增，而且在具體的表現(xiàn)形式上花樣百出，導(dǎo)致購房人的利益受到嚴重侵害。究其根本原因是開發(fā)商憑借自己的強勢地位，在購房合同中通過公然或隱蔽的方式制定了為數(shù)眾多的不利于購房人的“霸王條款，”而廣大購房人似乎從行動和心理上都接受了這種明顯不合理的合同條款內(nèi)容。但是，購房人對不公平“霸王條款”的默認并不意味著“霸王條款”在法律上取得了其合理化的地位。同時，“霸王條款”并不是一個內(nèi)涵明確的法律概念，它實際上反映的是購房人在簽訂開發(fā)商基于其經(jīng)濟強勢地位制定的雙方利益明顯失衡的合同時的一種憤怒無奈地情感表達方式。實際上，霸王條款和《合同法》中的格式條款濫用的概念是一致的。由于“霸王條款”并不是一個意義明確的法律概念，，所以，本文在分析“霸王條款”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容時，會采用格式條款的概念。本文的研究思路主要分三個部分： 第一部分，首先，深入探討格式條款產(chǎn)生的歷史背景，得出結(jié)論：格式合同是伴隨著市場經(jīng)濟的高度發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的，它適應(yīng)了壟斷經(jīng)濟對交易方式簡潔、高效的要求，節(jié)約了生產(chǎn)成本，提高了交易效率。同時，格式條款的廣泛使用對經(jīng)濟弱勢一方的利益帶來了不利的影響。其次，透過對格式條款概念的分析，總結(jié)出格式條款的內(nèi)容是由一方預(yù)先擬定的，具有定型化、重復(fù)使用性和附從性的特點。最后，通過對商品房買賣合同中交易雙方地位、合同條款內(nèi)容及合同簽訂的法律后果分析得出：商品房買賣合同完全符合格式合同的特點，是典型的格式合同。 第二部分，首先，論證了商品房買賣合同格式化的原因。格式合同本身的優(yōu)點、開發(fā)商的強勢地位和強大的經(jīng)濟實力是導(dǎo)致合同內(nèi)容格式化的幾個主要原因。其次，以現(xiàn)實當中開發(fā)商草擬的購房合同條款為例，深入分析了格式條款在購房合同中的典型表現(xiàn)形式，并提出了購房者應(yīng)如何識破開發(fā)商設(shè)置的形形色色的格式條款陷阱，維護自己的合法權(quán)益。最后，通過對開發(fā)商格式條款濫用的分析，分析了格式條款的濫用對現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟生活造成的不利影響。 第三部分，首先，論證了我國現(xiàn)行法律制度關(guān)于購房買賣合同中格式條款濫用存在的問題，得出結(jié)論：要想從根本上遏制格式條款的濫用，需要從立法、司法和行政三個方面建立一套綜合有效的規(guī)制體系。然后，文章分別論述了從立法、司法和行政三個方面著手加強格式條款的規(guī)制工作：立法規(guī)制方面，要修改、完善現(xiàn)有《合同法》規(guī)定，盡快出臺格式條款專門法；司法規(guī)制方面，法官正確適用法律規(guī)定，司法機關(guān)加強司法解釋工作；行政規(guī)制方面，行政監(jiān)管部門要明確各自的行政職權(quán)，加強行政監(jiān)管力度，依法維護當事人合法權(quán)益。 因此，筆者認為有效遏制開發(fā)商濫用格式條款的根本途徑在于構(gòu)筑一套以立法規(guī)制為核心，司法規(guī)制和行政規(guī)制相配合的格式條款綜合規(guī)制體系。只有建立一套綜合的格式條款規(guī)制體系，才能從根源上杜絕開發(fā)商濫用格式條款損害購房人合法權(quán)利的行為，才能真正的實現(xiàn)老百姓的安居樂業(yè)和社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:In recent years, overall, China's commercial housing market is showing a vigorous development trend. With the reform of housing system, housing demand income and improve youth rigid stimulation, in the future for a long time, commercial housing market will still maintain a rapid growth momentum. However, the sale of commercial housing the disputes not only in the number of growing in real life, but also in the form of specific tricks, resulting in the interests of the buyers has been seriously violated. The reason is that developers by virtue of their strong position in the purchase contract by openly or concealed sets "is not conducive to the terms of overlord a large number of buyers," while the majority of buyers from the action and psychological seems to have accepted the terms of the contract content that is obviously not reasonable. However, the purchase of unfair "despot The default clause "does not mean" overlord clause "made its position of reasonable in law. At the same time, the" overlord clause "is not a clear connotation of legal concept, it actually reflects the obvious imbalance in the interests of both buyers who signed developers develop their strong economic status on the basis of a contract the anger frustration emotional expression. In fact, the concept of standard terms and provisions of the king" contract law "of abuse is consistent. Because of the" overlord clause "and the legal concept, not a clear meaning so that the content of this paper in the analysis of" overlord clause ", the concept of the standard terms. The main idea of this paper is divided into three parts:
The first part, firstly, discusses the historical background of terms of format, draw the conclusion: the format of the contract is accompanied by the development of market economy and produce, which adapt to the economic monopoly on trading method is simple, the requirement of high efficiency, saving production cost, improve the transaction efficiency. At the same time, the widespread use of standard terms to bring the influence on the economic interests of the weaker party. Secondly, through the analysis of the terms of the format of the concept, summarizes the content of the standard clauses is prepared in advance by a party, with stereotypes, repeated use and with the characteristics. Finally, based on the transaction status of the real estate sale, analysis the terms of the contract contents and contract legal consequences that the contract for the sale of commercial housing to meet the characteristics of the format of the contract, the contract is a typical format.
The second part, first of all, the reason why the sale of commercial housing contract format. The format of the contract itself advantages, developers in the strong position and strong economic strength is the result of several main reasons of the contents of the contract format. Secondly, in reality the developers purchase contract draft as an example, in-depth analysis of the typical forms in terms of format in the purchase contract, and the buyers should set the developers how to see through the terms of the format of every hue trap, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Finally, through the analysis of the terms of the developers abuse format, analysis of the negative impact caused by the abuse of standard terms in the modern economic life.
The third part, firstly, demonstrates the problems about the format clause in the contract of sale and purchase of the existence of abuse of China's current legal system draws the conclusion: to fundamentally curb the abuse of standard terms, from the three aspects of the legislative, judicial and administrative to establish a comprehensive and effective regulation system. Then, the article discusses from to strengthen legislation, regulation of format terms from three aspects: judicial and administrative legislation, to modify, improve the existing contract law provisions of < >, the introduction of standard terms special law as soon as possible; judicial regulation, the judge is clearly applicable legal provisions, judicial organs to strengthen the work of judicial interpretation; administrative regulations, administrative supervision departments should clear the respective administrative powers, strengthen the administrative supervision, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties in accordance with the law.
Therefore, the author thinks that the fundamental way to effectively curb the developers abuse of standard terms is to build a set of legislative regulation as the core, comprehensive regulation system is matched with the format of the terms of judicial regulation and administrative regulation. Only the establishment of a comprehensive set of terms of format regulation system, in order to prevent damage to property developers abuse clauses the legitimate rights of behavior from the source people live and work in peace, harmony and stability and society can truly achieve.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.6

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