本文關(guān)鍵詞： 商業(yè)銀行 信貸風(fēng)險 法律防范　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為經(jīng)營貨幣這一特殊商品的商業(yè)銀行,其通常存在較高的負(fù)債比例。因此,擁有良好的信用是其持續(xù)、穩(wěn)健經(jīng)營的基礎(chǔ)。目前,我國的商業(yè)銀行普遍存在信貸資產(chǎn)風(fēng)險高、潛在不良率居高不下的情形。這些因素既大大降低了商業(yè)銀行的綜合實(shí)力,不利于社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和諧穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。所以,化解各種金融風(fēng)險的關(guān)鍵就在于如何有效地防范由于信貸業(yè)務(wù)產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險。本文試圖通過研究我國商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險的現(xiàn)狀、危害及成因,從法律角度入手,對商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險的法律防范進(jìn)行探討。 具體而言,本文共分為以下四個部分： 第一章對商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險的概念進(jìn)行了界定,指出信貸風(fēng)險是信貸資金安全系數(shù)的不確定性,具體表現(xiàn)為由于借款人的原因,無力償還或者不愿償還銀行貸款本息,使得貸款無法收回,造成損失的可能性。本文特別從法律角度提出了商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險也是一種特殊的合同風(fēng)險。從國際通行的五級分類法和法律表現(xiàn)形式角度對信貸風(fēng)險進(jìn)行了分類；具體探討了商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險的客觀必然性、巨大危害性及現(xiàn)實(shí)可控性等特征。 第二章首先從市場主體、市場規(guī)則、信用基礎(chǔ)、貸款交易角度介紹了我國信貸業(yè)務(wù)的基本特征,詳細(xì)分析了信貸風(fēng)險給商業(yè)銀行自身經(jīng)營所帶來的不良影響以及對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行、信用體系建設(shè)、國家稅收、社會秩序所造成的負(fù)面影響。在深入分析信貸業(yè)務(wù)的特點(diǎn)及影響的基礎(chǔ)上,從內(nèi)外因兩個維度,探討了信貸風(fēng)險的成因。外因方面包括市場經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、法律制度、信用體系和企業(yè)自身的問題；內(nèi)因方面包括銀行信貸審批流程、信用風(fēng)險度量方法及貸后管理方面的疏漏。 第三章從理論層面探討了信貸風(fēng)險法律防范的依據(jù)。理論意義在于信貸的法律性質(zhì)。也即借款人和商業(yè)銀行作為雙方當(dāng)事人之間達(dá)成的,以一定債務(wù)為標(biāo)的的到期還本付息的合同關(guān)系；現(xiàn)實(shí)意義是由于商業(yè)銀行在我國金融體系中的重要地位,信貸業(yè)務(wù)又是當(dāng)前我國商業(yè)銀行的主要業(yè)務(wù)。從法律角度防范信貸風(fēng)險可以確保信貸活動的秩序、信貸關(guān)系的合法；提高商業(yè)銀行的信用程度,發(fā)揮商業(yè)銀行的信貸作用；確保經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的良好發(fā)展。以上即涵蓋了信貸風(fēng)險法律防范的一般功能與意義。 第四章具體提出了商業(yè)銀行信貸風(fēng)險法律防范的對策。首先借鑒了美國個人信用評級和存款保險制度以及日本管理層責(zé)任分擔(dān)法律制度的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上從法律保障機(jī)制的完善、信貸的內(nèi)部監(jiān)管及風(fēng)險控制機(jī)制的優(yōu)化兩大方面提出了具體的措施。從合同法、物權(quán)法、破產(chǎn)法、最后貸款人制度等角度詳盡分析了如何完善法律保障機(jī)制；并從信貸風(fēng)險識別機(jī)制、貸款審批發(fā)放及風(fēng)險度量、監(jiān)控角度對信貸內(nèi)部監(jiān)管和風(fēng)險控制提出了具體建議。
[Abstract]:As a special commodity, commercial banks usually have a high debt ratio. Therefore, having good credit is the basis of their continuous and steady operation. At present, commercial banks in China generally have high risk of credit assets. The situation of high potential defect rate. These factors have greatly reduced the comprehensive strength of commercial banks and are not conducive to the development of social and economic harmony and stability. The key to defuse all kinds of financial risks lies in how to effectively prevent the risks arising from credit operations. This paper attempts to study the present situation, harm and causes of credit risks of commercial banks in China, starting from the legal point of view. This paper probes into the legal prevention of credit risk of commercial banks. Specifically, this paper is divided into the following four parts:. The first chapter defines the concept of credit risk of commercial banks, and points out that credit risk is the uncertainty of the safety factor of credit funds, which is manifested in the inability to repay or unwilling to repay the principal and interest of bank loans because of the borrower's reasons. Making the loan uncollectible, This paper puts forward that the credit risk of commercial bank is also a kind of special contract risk from the angle of law. This paper discusses the characteristics of commercial bank credit risk, such as its objective inevitability, great harmfulness and practical controllability. The second chapter first introduces the basic characteristics of China's credit business from the aspects of market subject, market rules, credit basis and loan transaction. The paper analyzes in detail the adverse effects of credit risk on the commercial banks' own operation, as well as the social and economic operation, the construction of the credit system, and the state tax. On the basis of deep analysis of the characteristics and influence of credit business, this paper probes into the causes of credit risk from two dimensions of internal and external causes. The external causes include the basis of market economy and the legal system. The credit system and the enterprise's own problems, including the bank credit approval process, credit risk measurement method and the oversight of post-loan management. The third chapter discusses the legal basis of credit risk prevention from the theoretical level. The theoretical significance lies in the legal nature of credit. The contractual relationship of repayment of principal and interest due to a certain debt is of practical significance because of the important position of commercial banks in the financial system of our country. Credit business is the main business of commercial banks in our country at present. Preventing credit risk from the angle of law can ensure the order of credit activities and the legality of credit relations, improve the credit degree of commercial banks and give full play to the credit function of commercial banks. The above covers the general function and significance of legal prevention of credit risk. Chapter 4th puts forward the countermeasures of legal prevention of credit risk in commercial banks. Firstly, it draws lessons from the advanced experience of American personal credit rating and deposit insurance system and the legal system of Japanese management liability sharing. From the perspective of the perfection of the legal protection mechanism, The internal supervision of credit and the optimization of risk control mechanism put forward specific measures. From the angles of contract law, property law, bankruptcy law, lender of last resort system, this paper analyzes in detail how to perfect the legal protection mechanism; It also puts forward some specific suggestions on credit internal supervision and risk control from the perspective of credit risk identification mechanism, loan approval and issuance, risk measurement and monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.28

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