論“保護的責任”之構建與實施
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-25 08:14
【摘要】：“保護的責任”是二十一世紀初產(chǎn)生的一個新的理論，該理論主要源自于國際社會在面對人道主義災難時應該做出如何反應的深刻的歷史背景，并建立在主權原則的基礎上，適應著新型安全觀和保障人權的國際化要求。理論自提出以來，引起了國際社會的廣泛關注，隨著頻繁見諸于國際文件和報告中，在理論層面不斷豐富和發(fā)展自己的內涵，終于于2005年《世界首腦會議成果》確定下了具體的概念，即主權國家有責任保護其人民免受滅絕種族、戰(zhàn)爭罪、族裔清洗和危害人類罪之害，，當主權國家不能或者不愿意保護其人民免遭四種罪之害時，國際社會有責任保護之。但是，在其他方面，各個國家還存在分歧。 “保護的責任”的出現(xiàn)給傳統(tǒng)的國際法理論帶來了一定的沖擊，也與較前的人道主義干涉相區(qū)別，它一方面承認國家主權固有的內涵，同意主權國家對其對內事務的享有最高的、排他性的管轄權，另一方面又豐富了主權隨著新時代發(fā)展所內化出的責任觀，即主權意味著責任，最終得出“保護的責任”并沒有像某些學者所擔憂的那樣弱化了國家主權，而是在新的時代背景下建立的一個負責任的主權的結論。有學者認為，“保護的責任”僅僅是人道主義干涉的一個新措辭，但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個錯誤的觀點，該理論已經(jīng)將軍事干預納入了聯(lián)合國的整體框架下，這是與人道主義干涉相比最具代表性的區(qū)別。 本文通過對現(xiàn)有的“保護的責任”的理論框架進行歸納總結，整理出其脈絡，再從實證上分析該理論的運用，針對理論現(xiàn)存的弊端和需要注意的問題提出一些學術上的思考建議，尤其是最為敏感的軍事干預如何規(guī)范的問題可以說是頗費筆墨，最后從我國的立場出發(fā)，分析我國現(xiàn)階段對“保護的責任”的態(tài)度，以及對在“保護的責任”框架進一步發(fā)展的過程中我國應該怎樣應對的問題進行了說明。 本文第一部分從“保護的責任”的產(chǎn)生背景著手，引出了該理論的形成與發(fā)展的整個過程，第二部分從理論構建角度論述了該理論存在的法理基礎以及其出現(xiàn)對傳統(tǒng)國際法理論帶來的沖擊，并分析了該理論自己的框架。第三部分以利比亞危機為例，論述了該理論在實踐中遇到的困境，并針對困境提出了完善的建議，最后以落腳到我國作為論文的結尾。
[Abstract]:The responsibility to protect (R2P) is a new theory that emerged in the early 21 century. It derives mainly from the profound historical background of how the international community should react in the face of humanitarian disasters and is based on the principle of sovereignty. Adapt to the new security concept and safeguard the international requirements of human rights. Since the theory was put forward, it has aroused the widespread concern of the international community. Along with its frequent appearance in international documents and reports, it has continuously enriched and developed its connotation at the theoretical level. Finally, the 2005 World Summit outcome established a specific concept that sovereign States have the responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, When sovereign States are unable or unwilling to protect their populations from the four crimes, the international community has a responsibility to protect them. But in other ways, there are differences among countries. The emergence of the "responsibility to protect" has had a certain impact on the traditional theory of international law and is different from the earlier humanitarian intervention, which, on the one hand, recognizes the inherent connotation of State sovereignty, Agreeing that sovereign States enjoy the highest and exclusive jurisdiction over their internal affairs and, on the other hand, enriching the concept of responsibility inherent in sovereignty as a result of the development of the new era, that is, sovereignty implies responsibility, The ultimate conclusion is that the responsibility to protect does not weaken state sovereignty as some scholars fear, but rather establishes a responsible sovereignty in the new era. Some scholars believe that the "responsibility to protect" is only a new term for humanitarian intervention, but we find that this is a false view, which has incorporated military intervention into the overall framework of the United Nations. This is the most representative distinction compared with humanitarian intervention. This paper summarizes the existing theoretical framework of "responsibility to protect", collates its context, and then empirically analyzes the application of the theory. In view of the existing drawbacks of the theory and the problems needing attention, some academic suggestions are put forward, especially the most sensitive question of how to regulate military intervention, which can be said to be painstaking. Finally, from the standpoint of our country, This paper analyzes our country's attitude towards "responsibility to protect" at present, and explains how to deal with the problems in the process of further development of "responsibility to protect". The first part of this paper begins with the background of "responsibility to protect", and leads to the whole process of the formation and development of the theory. The second part discusses the legal basis of the existence of the theory and its impact on the traditional theory of international law from the perspective of theoretical construction, and analyzes its own framework. The third part takes the Libyan crisis as an example, discusses the difficulties encountered in the practice of the theory, and puts forward some suggestions for the difficulties. Finally, the end of the paper is to settle down to our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D998.2
本文編號：2390914
[Abstract]:The responsibility to protect (R2P) is a new theory that emerged in the early 21 century. It derives mainly from the profound historical background of how the international community should react in the face of humanitarian disasters and is based on the principle of sovereignty. Adapt to the new security concept and safeguard the international requirements of human rights. Since the theory was put forward, it has aroused the widespread concern of the international community. Along with its frequent appearance in international documents and reports, it has continuously enriched and developed its connotation at the theoretical level. Finally, the 2005 World Summit outcome established a specific concept that sovereign States have the responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, When sovereign States are unable or unwilling to protect their populations from the four crimes, the international community has a responsibility to protect them. But in other ways, there are differences among countries. The emergence of the "responsibility to protect" has had a certain impact on the traditional theory of international law and is different from the earlier humanitarian intervention, which, on the one hand, recognizes the inherent connotation of State sovereignty, Agreeing that sovereign States enjoy the highest and exclusive jurisdiction over their internal affairs and, on the other hand, enriching the concept of responsibility inherent in sovereignty as a result of the development of the new era, that is, sovereignty implies responsibility, The ultimate conclusion is that the responsibility to protect does not weaken state sovereignty as some scholars fear, but rather establishes a responsible sovereignty in the new era. Some scholars believe that the "responsibility to protect" is only a new term for humanitarian intervention, but we find that this is a false view, which has incorporated military intervention into the overall framework of the United Nations. This is the most representative distinction compared with humanitarian intervention. This paper summarizes the existing theoretical framework of "responsibility to protect", collates its context, and then empirically analyzes the application of the theory. In view of the existing drawbacks of the theory and the problems needing attention, some academic suggestions are put forward, especially the most sensitive question of how to regulate military intervention, which can be said to be painstaking. Finally, from the standpoint of our country, This paper analyzes our country's attitude towards "responsibility to protect" at present, and explains how to deal with the problems in the process of further development of "responsibility to protect". The first part of this paper begins with the background of "responsibility to protect", and leads to the whole process of the formation and development of the theory. The second part discusses the legal basis of the existence of the theory and its impact on the traditional theory of international law from the perspective of theoretical construction, and analyzes its own framework. The third part takes the Libyan crisis as an example, discusses the difficulties encountered in the practice of the theory, and puts forward some suggestions for the difficulties. Finally, the end of the paper is to settle down to our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D998.2
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