【摘要】：與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展接踵而至的是當(dāng)今世界環(huán)境狀況的日益惡化，人類(lèi)正面臨著前所未有的全球環(huán)境危機(jī)。面對(duì)這種危機(jī)，各國(guó)政府已經(jīng)開(kāi)始通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)環(huán)境立法、簽訂多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定等方式做出積極的應(yīng)對(duì)，與此同時(shí)，WTO也對(duì)自身的貿(mào)易規(guī)則進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，但由于其對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的處理比較原則籠統(tǒng)，可行性不強(qiáng)，使得不同國(guó)家在對(duì)其有關(guān)環(huán)境條款進(jìn)行援引適用時(shí)困難重重。本文正是基于這一角度出發(fā)，將WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則作為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，為WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的合理適用與完善、構(gòu)建WTO體制下較為完整的環(huán)境法律體系做出努力。 首先，本文以對(duì)WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的研究為重點(diǎn)，在闡釋W(xué)TO環(huán)境規(guī)則有關(guān)國(guó)際法原理的基礎(chǔ)上，主要分析了其中的憲法性條款，一般例外條款，，特別法條款和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款內(nèi)容，綜合分析得出WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則在規(guī)定、適用及理念上的局限性。如WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則具有較強(qiáng)的概括性和原則性，涉及領(lǐng)域過(guò)窄，缺乏對(duì)發(fā)展中成員合理差別待遇理念等。其中，在對(duì)WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的局限性進(jìn)行分析時(shí)，注重對(duì)相關(guān)實(shí)例的探討，采用實(shí)證方法進(jìn)行分析得出結(jié)論。 其次，對(duì)WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。即認(rèn)為通過(guò)協(xié)商達(dá)成“與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的環(huán)境措施協(xié)議”（即TREMs協(xié)議）是解決環(huán)境貿(mào)易問(wèn)題的最佳途徑，并對(duì)TREMs協(xié)定的基本原則、法律構(gòu)架等提出相關(guān)立法建議，同時(shí)關(guān)注TREMs協(xié)定對(duì)多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定與WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的沖突之協(xié)調(diào)。 最后，指出我國(guó)關(guān)于WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則之完善應(yīng)持的立場(chǎng)及對(duì)策。即認(rèn)為結(jié)合WTO相關(guān)環(huán)境制度對(duì)我國(guó)環(huán)境立法加以完善與創(chuàng)新，是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、協(xié)調(diào)環(huán)境與貿(mào)易關(guān)系的有效途徑。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于，注重從低碳背景的角度將WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善加以闡釋，對(duì)哥本哈根氣候變化大會(huì)及成果、坎昆氣候大會(huì)在全球氣候問(wèn)題上的相關(guān)進(jìn)展予以關(guān)注，并對(duì)其所取得的成果及有關(guān)安排進(jìn)行理論思考。筆者相信關(guān)于這些問(wèn)題的研究對(duì)推動(dòng)WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善、當(dāng)今世界多邊貿(mào)易體制下環(huán)境與貿(mào)易關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)、促進(jìn)二者間的相互支撐并順利實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展，以及維護(hù)當(dāng)今及未來(lái)全人類(lèi)的共同利益都具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the environmental situation of the world is deteriorating day by day, and mankind is facing an unprecedented global environmental crisis. In the face of this crisis, the governments of various countries have already begun to make positive responses through domestic relevant environmental legislation and signing multilateral environmental agreements. At the same time, the WTO has also adjusted its own trade rules accordingly. However, due to the general principle and the low feasibility, it is difficult for different countries to invoke and apply the relevant environmental provisions. Based on this point of view, this paper makes a systematic analysis of WTO environmental rules as the object of study, and makes efforts for the rational application and improvement of WTO environmental rules and the construction of a relatively complete environmental legal system under the WTO system. First of all, this paper focuses on the study of WTO environmental rules, on the basis of explaining the relevant principles of international law of WTO environmental rules, mainly analyzes the constitutional provisions, general exception clauses, special law provisions and technical standard provisions. Comprehensive analysis of the WTO environmental rules in the provisions, application and concept of limitations. For example, the environmental rules of WTO have strong generality and principle, too narrow scope, and lack of the idea of reasonable differential treatment for developing members. During the analysis of the limitations of WTO environmental rules, the author pays attention to the discussion of relevant examples and draws a conclusion by empirical analysis. Secondly, the author puts forward his own point of view on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is, to reach the Agreement on Trade-Related Environmental measures (TREMs Agreement) through negotiation is the best way to solve the problem of environmental trade, and to put forward relevant legislative suggestions on the basic principles and legal framework of the TREMs Agreement. At the same time, attention is paid to the coordination of the TREMs agreement on the conflict between the multilateral environmental agreement and the WTO environmental rules. Finally, the author points out that our country should hold the position and countermeasure on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is to say, it is an effective way to realize the sustainable development of our economy and coordinate the relationship between environment and trade by perfecting and innovating our environmental legislation in combination with the relevant environmental system of WTO. The innovation of this paper is that it pays attention to the improvement of WTO environmental rules from the perspective of low-carbon background, and pays attention to the Copenhagen Climate change Conference and its achievements, and the related progress of Cancun Climate Conference on global climate issues. And to its achievements and related arrangements for theoretical thinking. The author believes that the research on these issues will promote the improvement of WTO environmental rules, the coordination of environment and trade relations under the multilateral trading system in the world, promote the mutual support between the two, and smoothly realize the sustainable development of economic and trade. And safeguarding the common interests of the present and future all mankind has certain practical significance and theoretical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.1

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