伊朗核問題的國際法分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-28 12:17
【摘要】：伊朗核開發(fā)以及由核開發(fā)所引發(fā)的問題,對其定性是個復(fù)雜的分析過程,不能簡簡單單地以合法或非法來概括。 作為一個主權(quán)國家,伊朗在其境內(nèi)從事民事核能的開發(fā)、研究,并不違反國際法的規(guī)定,伊朗民用核開發(fā)無疑是值得肯定的,伊朗是享有和平利用核能的權(quán)利的。要注意的是,核開發(fā)基于國家主權(quán),構(gòu)成了國家的天然權(quán)利；另一方面,國家同時也肩負著相應(yīng)的義務(wù)——對他國、對國民的義務(wù)。核能是清潔的,也必須是安全的,這就要求核擁有國、核開發(fā)國必須全面加強核安全能力,嚴格履行核安全國際義務(wù),重視并積極參與國際核安全合作。 與之相應(yīng)的,一旦伊朗的核開發(fā)由民用轉(zhuǎn)為軍用,對國際和平與安全產(chǎn)生威脅,國際法自然要對其進行規(guī)制�，F(xiàn)有的國際法特定領(lǐng)域的條約,無論是《全面禁止核武器條約》(CTBT)還是《不擴散核武器條約》(NPT)都難以對伊朗突破民用核領(lǐng)域的行為產(chǎn)生有效的規(guī)制。從特殊法的角度來進行考量,在禁止核試驗、不擴散核武器等方面尚未形成習(xí)慣國際法規(guī)則,也難以直接對伊朗進行規(guī)制。只能依靠《聯(lián)合國憲章》第二條所規(guī)定的禁止使用武力或以武力相威脅進行規(guī)制。此外,作為國際法原則的禁止權(quán)利濫用原則,也可以直接對伊朗核問題進行規(guī)制。 伊朗核問題凸顯了現(xiàn)有國際法和國際體制修改的緊迫性。要構(gòu)建持續(xù)性的核安全,各個國家應(yīng)當(dāng)履行相關(guān)國際義務(wù),加強國內(nèi)相關(guān)立法和監(jiān)督管理機制,分享核安全經(jīng)驗,加強信息交流。另一方面,聯(lián)合國應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快啟動修改補充NPT的相應(yīng)條款,并且適當(dāng)增加國際原子能機構(gòu)(IAEA)的權(quán)限。一旦伊朗或者其他國家或地區(qū)出現(xiàn)核擴散的危機的時候,國際法體制才能及時有效地維護國際核安全。
[Abstract]:The nature of Iran's nuclear development and the problems caused by it is a complex analytical process that cannot simply be summed up legally or illegally. As a sovereign state, Iran is engaged in the development and research of civil nuclear energy in its territory, which does not violate the provisions of international law. The development of Iran's civil nuclear power is undoubtedly worthy of recognition, and Iran enjoys the right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It should be noted that nuclear development is based on national sovereignty and constitutes a natural right of the state. On the other hand, the state also shoulders the corresponding obligations-obligations to other countries and to its nationals. Nuclear energy is clean and must be safe, which requires nuclear possessor and developing country to strengthen nuclear safety capability in an all-round way, strictly fulfill international nuclear safety obligations, attach importance to and actively participate in international nuclear security cooperation. Accordingly, once Iran's nuclear development changes from civilian to military and poses a threat to international peace and security, international law will naturally regulate Iran's nuclear development. The existing treaties in specific areas of international law, whether the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons (CTBT) or the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT), can hardly effectively regulate Iran's breakthrough in the civil nuclear field. From the perspective of special law, there are no rules of customary international law on the prohibition of nuclear tests and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and it is difficult to regulate Iran directly. The prohibition of the use or threat of force under Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations can only be relied upon. In addition, the prohibition of abuse of rights, as a principle of international law, can also directly regulate the Iranian nuclear issue. The Iranian nuclear issue highlights the urgency of changes in existing international law and the international system. To build sustainable nuclear safety, each country should fulfill relevant international obligations, strengthen relevant domestic legislation, supervision and management mechanism, share nuclear safety experience, and strengthen information exchange. On the other hand, the United Nations should start amending the corresponding provisions of the NPT as soon as possible and appropriately increase the authority of the IAEA (IAEA). Once there is a crisis of nuclear proliferation in Iran or other countries or regions, the international legal system can maintain international nuclear security in a timely and effective manner.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D999.2
本文編號：2362798
[Abstract]:The nature of Iran's nuclear development and the problems caused by it is a complex analytical process that cannot simply be summed up legally or illegally. As a sovereign state, Iran is engaged in the development and research of civil nuclear energy in its territory, which does not violate the provisions of international law. The development of Iran's civil nuclear power is undoubtedly worthy of recognition, and Iran enjoys the right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It should be noted that nuclear development is based on national sovereignty and constitutes a natural right of the state. On the other hand, the state also shoulders the corresponding obligations-obligations to other countries and to its nationals. Nuclear energy is clean and must be safe, which requires nuclear possessor and developing country to strengthen nuclear safety capability in an all-round way, strictly fulfill international nuclear safety obligations, attach importance to and actively participate in international nuclear security cooperation. Accordingly, once Iran's nuclear development changes from civilian to military and poses a threat to international peace and security, international law will naturally regulate Iran's nuclear development. The existing treaties in specific areas of international law, whether the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons (CTBT) or the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT), can hardly effectively regulate Iran's breakthrough in the civil nuclear field. From the perspective of special law, there are no rules of customary international law on the prohibition of nuclear tests and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and it is difficult to regulate Iran directly. The prohibition of the use or threat of force under Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations can only be relied upon. In addition, the prohibition of abuse of rights, as a principle of international law, can also directly regulate the Iranian nuclear issue. The Iranian nuclear issue highlights the urgency of changes in existing international law and the international system. To build sustainable nuclear safety, each country should fulfill relevant international obligations, strengthen relevant domestic legislation, supervision and management mechanism, share nuclear safety experience, and strengthen information exchange. On the other hand, the United Nations should start amending the corresponding provisions of the NPT as soon as possible and appropriately increase the authority of the IAEA (IAEA). Once there is a crisis of nuclear proliferation in Iran or other countries or regions, the international legal system can maintain international nuclear security in a timely and effective manner.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D999.2
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
1 李慧英,黃桂琴;論國家主權(quán)的讓渡[J];河北法學(xué);2004年07期
2 段存廣;從絕對主權(quán)到實效主權(quán):對國家主權(quán)原則的再認識[J];河南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2003年01期
3 姜振飛;;國際核不擴散體制:國外研究綜述[J];歐洲研究;2005年06期
4 王茂濤,吳云;環(huán)境安全與絕對主權(quán)觀的當(dāng)代困境[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2002年06期
5 余瀟楓,賈亞君;論國家主權(quán)的當(dāng)代發(fā)展與理性選擇[J];浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2001年02期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 朱天白;國際不擴散核武器法律制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號：2362798
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/falvlunwen/guojifa/2362798.html
