本文選題：萊弗拉爾 + 影響法律選擇考慮�。� 參考：《武漢大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：萊弗拉爾(Leflar)的影響法律選擇考慮說(Choice-Influencing Considerations)是美國沖突法中最主要的理論之一,至今仍在司法實踐中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本文擬從五部分來系統(tǒng)研究這一理論,全文除導(dǎo)論外共分五章,并在最后附有結(jié)語對全文進行總結(jié)和展望。 導(dǎo)論部分對選題的背景和意義、國內(nèi)外此問題的研究現(xiàn)狀、文章采用的研究方法進行了簡要說明。 第一章是對本文研究人物的介紹。第一節(jié)考察了萊弗拉爾教授的生平,簡要介紹了他長達半個多世紀的法律生涯。第二節(jié)簡單介紹了萊弗拉爾教授在沖突法、法學教育以及法官培訓(xùn)方面的成就,為下文客觀評價萊弗拉爾的理論打下基礎(chǔ)。 第二章詳細考察了萊弗拉爾影響法律選擇考慮說建構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ),該部分從法哲學、美國傳統(tǒng)沖突法理論的批判以及對美國沖突法新理論的繼承三個角度論述了萊弗拉爾理論產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)。第一節(jié)主要從法哲學的角度入手,萊弗拉爾相關(guān)沖突法理論受法律現(xiàn)實主義思想影響頗深。本節(jié)通過對美國現(xiàn)實主義法學產(chǎn)生的背景、根源以及內(nèi)容主張等幾方面對這一法理流派進行了詳細的介紹,為更好理解萊弗拉爾的法律選擇考慮說和其他思想奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第二節(jié)則以美國沖突法的發(fā)展為線索,說明了20世紀初美國對傳統(tǒng)沖突法理論批判運動的成因。以及主要沖突法學者對比爾理論和《沖突法重述》(第一次)的批判,萊弗拉爾吸收了批判者理論的觀點,并借鑒政策分析方法建構(gòu)了自己的理論。第三節(jié)考察了法律選擇考慮說的思想淵源。萊弗拉爾是以政策分析方法為基礎(chǔ)建構(gòu)法律選擇考慮說的,在此之前已經(jīng)有多位沖突法學者在著作中采用了這種方法,其中最為重要的為奇塔姆、里斯和英特瑪。本節(jié)第一部分分別對他們的政策分析方法進行了論述。萊弗拉爾批判的繼承了他們對于政策的提煉,并將其進行精煉和協(xié)調(diào)。同時吸收了柯里利益分析說的部分觀點,將它們納入自己的理論體系之中,但萊弗拉爾對柯里理論的吸收是選擇性的,他并不同意柯里對真實沖突的解決方法,同時在對虛假沖突問題上也和柯里的意見相左,本節(jié)的第二部分對此進行了闡述。 第三章闡述了萊弗拉爾法律選擇考慮說的具體內(nèi)容。該學說是建立在萊弗拉爾對沖突法基本問題的認識之上的,他認為鑒別影響法律選擇的因素是沖突法的最關(guān)鍵問題。在吸收前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,萊弗拉爾總結(jié)出他認為影響法律選擇的五點關(guān)鍵要素,包括結(jié)果的可預(yù)見性、維持州際和國際秩序、簡化司法任務(wù)、增進法院地利益和適用較好的法律。本章第一節(jié)探求了五點考慮的具體含義,并強調(diào)按照萊弗拉爾的觀點,這五點考慮要素并沒有強弱之分,同時也沒有次序排列的問題。萊弗拉爾認為五點考慮要素適用十分方便,同時合理運用能夠幫助法官判斷法律選擇結(jié)果是否合理,本章第二節(jié)對萊弗拉爾具體運用這一方法分析的一系列案例進行了簡要的介紹,關(guān)注該學說如何適用的問題。 第四章針對萊弗拉爾法律選擇學說的部分爭議進行了討論。對萊弗拉爾理論的爭議主要集中在對該學說方法論的爭論和如何看待他理論體系中最后一點考慮要素,即適用較好的法律。本章第一節(jié)討論有關(guān)方法論方面的問題。在國際私法的歷史中,所有的學說都圍繞著單邊主義方法、多邊主義方法和實體法方法這三種方法,通過對五點考慮分別進行方法論的分析得出法律選擇考慮說兼有單邊主義方法和實體法方法,而單邊主義方法在該學說中占據(jù)了更為重要的地位。第二節(jié)則討論了有關(guān)適用較好的法律的爭論,主要從理論根源、存在空間和適用限制方面進行了探討,認為這一點并非萊弗拉爾學說的全部精髓所在,只不過由于其突出的反映了人們對實質(zhì)正義的要求而被推向了前臺,無論是萊弗拉爾本人還是司法實踐都對適用該考慮提出了適當?shù)南拗坪椭笇?dǎo)原則。第三節(jié)討論了部分學者對于影響法律選擇考慮說的改進建議,認為這種做法實際違背了萊弗拉爾理論的初衷,但其對目前存在于影響法律選擇考慮說中的某些問題的批判還是頗值得借鑒。 第五章討論了萊弗拉爾法律選擇考慮說的影響,本章主要從實踐方面進行考察,對五個采用法律選擇考慮說的州的具體案件進行了評析,分析法官在審判時如何適用影響法律選擇方法,以此評析影響法律選擇考慮說在實踐中的運行情況。 結(jié)語對萊弗拉爾的理論進行了適當?shù)目偨Y(jié),并通過本文的研究指出了萊弗拉爾研究給中國國際私法帶來的部分啟示。
[Abstract]:The influence of Leif Lal (Leflar) on the choice of law (Choice-Influencing Considerations) is one of the most important theories in the American conflict law and still plays an important role in the judicial practice. This paper is intended to systematically study this theory from the five part. The full text is divided into five chapters except the introduction, and the final conclusion is given to the full text. Summary and prospect.
In the introduction part, the background and significance of the topic selection, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the research methods adopted in this article are briefly described.
The first chapter of this paper is to study the characters in this paper. The first section reviews professor Leif Lal's biography, he briefly introduced the legal career of more than half a century. The second section introduces professor Leif Lal in the conflict of laws, legal education and training of judges achievements, lay the foundation for the following objective evaluation of Leif Lal's theory.
The second chapter examines the foundation of lyflall's influence on the consideration of the choice of law. This part discusses the basis of Leif Lal's theory from the perspective of the legal philosophy, the criticism of the American traditional conflict theory and the succession of the new theory of the American conflict of laws. The first section is mainly from the perspective of legal philosophy and the related impact of lafrost. The theory of sudden law is deeply influenced by the thought of legal realism. This section gives a detailed introduction to this legal school through the background, root and content of the American Realism law, which lays the foundation for better understanding of Leif Lal's legal choice and other ideas. The second section is the American conflict. The development of the law is the clue, which explains the causes of the American critical movement of the traditional conflict of laws in the early twentieth Century, and the criticism of the main conflict jurisprudence and the restatement of the conflict law. The source of thought is to be taken into consideration. Lafrost is based on the policy analysis method, which has been adopted by a number of conflict jurisprudence. The most important part of this method is Cheetham, Rees and the first part of the section. He inherited their criticism of the policy, refined and coordinated, and absorbed some of the views of Currie's interest analysis and incorporated them into their theoretical system, but Leif Lal was selective in the absorption of Currie's theory, and he did not agree with Currie's solution to the real conflict. At the same time, it also disagrees with Corey on the issue of false conflict. The second part of this section elaborates on this.
The third chapter expounds the specific content of the legal choice of lafrost. This theory is based on the understanding of the basic problems of the conflict law. He believes that identifying the factors affecting the choice of law is the most critical issue of the law of conflict. On the basis of absorbing previous studies, Leif Lal concluded that he considered the influence of the law. The five key elements, including the predictability of the results, the maintenance of the interstate and international order, the simplification of the judicial task, the promotion of the interests of the court and the application of better laws. The first section of this chapter explores the specific meaning of the five points, and emphasizes that, in accordance with Leif Lal's point of view, the five points are not divided, nor are they in order. The second section of this chapter gives a brief introduction to a series of cases analyzed in this chapter and pays attention to the application of the theory on how the theory applies.
The fourth chapter discusses some of the controversies in the theory of the legal choice of La friar. The controversy about lailar's theory is mainly focused on the debate on the theory and the final consideration of how to consider his theoretical system. The first section of this chapter discusses the issues concerning methodology. In the history of law, all theories revolve around the three methods of unilateralism, the method of multilateralism and the method of substantive law. Through the analysis of the methodology of the five points, the legal choice is considered to have both unilateralist and substantive methods, and the unilateral principal method occupies a more important place in the theory. In the second section, the argument about the applicable law is discussed, mainly from the theoretical root, the existence of space and the limitation of application, which is not the essence of the theory of lafrost, but it is simply pushed to the front desk, whether it is lyf, because it highlights the demand for substantive justice. LAL himself and judicial practice have put forward appropriate restrictions and guiding principles for the application of this consideration. The third section discusses some scholars' suggestions for improving the consideration of the choice of legal choice, which is actually contrary to the original intention of Leif Lal's theory, but its current existence lies in some questions that affect the choice of law. The criticism of the question is still worthy of reference.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of the legal choice of La friar. This chapter mainly reviews the practice and analyzes the specific cases of the five states which are taken into consideration by the legal choice, and analyzes how the judge applies the method of choice of law in the trial in order to evaluate the influence of the law selection in practice. Condition.
The conclusion sums up Leif Lal's theory and points out some revelations to China's private international law.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D997

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本文編號：2021619