發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-26 01:27

  本文選題：國際組織 + 國際責(zé)任��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題是國際法上的一個(gè)非常重要的研究課題�，F(xiàn)今國際社會(huì)日益交往密切,政府間國際組織無論在數(shù)量還是在發(fā)展速度上都不可同日而語,因此也受到了越來越多的關(guān)注。關(guān)于國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題其實(shí)早在1963年就已經(jīng)引起了國際法學(xué)界的重視,被列入聯(lián)合國國際法委員會(huì)值得注意的一個(gè)特別問題,雖然同年又被擱置,但是在國際法委員會(huì)完成國家責(zé)任專題后,國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題在2002年5月8日第54屆會(huì)議上被國際法委員會(huì)決定正式列入當(dāng)前的工作方案,可見國際法學(xué)界對(duì)國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題的重視以及其在國際法上的重要性。在這種大趨勢(shì)、大環(huán)境下,對(duì)國際組織的國際責(zé)任進(jìn)行深入的研究有著重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。雖然聯(lián)合國國際法委員會(huì)對(duì)國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題給予了高度關(guān)注,也有越來越多的專家學(xué)者對(duì)此予以研究,可以說理論上已經(jīng)很成熟了。但國際社會(huì)是千變?nèi)f化、日新月異的,國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題在實(shí)踐中仍然面臨各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn),特別是國際組織及其成員間的責(zé)任分配問題。本文主要從國際組織的國際責(zé)任存在的問題入手,結(jié)合國際法上實(shí)際發(fā)生的案例,結(jié)合案例對(duì)問題進(jìn)行分析,并提出自己對(duì)未來國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題的可行性建議,期待國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題的完善。國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題在實(shí)踐中情形各樣,解決方式也需因案件的不同類型予以不同對(duì)待,特殊情況特殊處理。總的來說,對(duì)國際組織的追責(zé)主要面臨五個(gè)方面的大問題,國際組織的國際責(zé)任缺乏統(tǒng)一的適用規(guī)則,這是其一;由于國際組織與國家相比存在的特殊性、派生性人格的限制,在一定程度上依賴于國際組織成員,導(dǎo)致其獨(dú)立性不足;有關(guān)國際組織的國際責(zé)任產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)端,沒有相關(guān)的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu),不僅使國際不法行為得不到相應(yīng)的處罰,受害方的權(quán)益也得不到合理的保護(hù),而且國際組織的國際不法行為在實(shí)踐中也認(rèn)定困難。這一系列的問題都需要國際社會(huì)合力解決,拿出能被普遍接受的方案,無論是制定統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則約束國際組織的行為,還是根據(jù)國際社會(huì)存在的判例進(jìn)行分析適用,都需要得到國際社會(huì)的普遍認(rèn)可,賦予解決方案以普遍適用性和法律約束力。國際組織與其成員間的責(zé)任分配問題是在討論國際組織的國際責(zé)任問題是必須要弄明白的一個(gè)問題,國際組織各式各樣,其成立宗旨、成員、職能等都不一樣,國際組織與其成員的關(guān)系自然也因國際組織的不同而不同。國際組織與其成員之間錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,對(duì)國際組織的國際責(zé)任分擔(dān)問題的研究帶來很多挑戰(zhàn)。所謂見仁見智,國際組織成員是否應(yīng)該分擔(dān)國際組織的國際責(zé)任、承擔(dān)責(zé)任的模式是什么、如何承擔(dān)等問題,不同的學(xué)者有不同的態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:The international responsibility of international organizations is a very important subject in international law. Nowadays, the international community is getting more and more close, intergovernmental international organizations are not equal in quantity or development speed, so they have been paid more and more attention. The question of the international responsibility of international organizations has, in fact, attracted the attention of the international legal community as early as 1963 and has been included in a special issue of interest to the International Law Commission of the United Nations, although it was shelved in the same year. However, following the completion of the topic of State responsibility by the International Law Commission, the question of the international responsibility of international organizations was formally included in the current programme of work by the Commission at its 54th session, on 8 May 2002, It can be seen that the international law circles attach importance to the international responsibility of international organizations and its importance in international law. In this general trend and environment, it is of great theoretical significance and practical guiding value to study the international responsibility of international organizations. Although the International Law Commission of the United Nations has paid great attention to the problem of international responsibility of international organizations, more and more experts and scholars have studied it, which can be said to be very mature in theory. However, the international community is changing with each passing day. In practice, the international responsibility of international organizations still faces a variety of challenges, especially the distribution of responsibilities between international organizations and their members. This paper mainly starts with the problems existing in the international responsibility of international organizations, combines the actual cases in international law, analyzes the problems with cases, and puts forward some feasible suggestions on the international responsibility of international organizations in the future. Look forward to the improvement of international responsibility of international organizations. The problem of international responsibility of international organizations is varied in practice, and the solutions should be treated differently according to different types of cases, and special cases should be dealt with. In general, the accountability of international organizations is mainly faced with five major problems. The lack of uniform applicable rules for international responsibility of international organizations is one of them. Due to the particularity of international organizations compared with countries, the limitation of their natural personality. Dependence on members of international organizations to some extent leads to a lack of independence; disputes arising from the international responsibility of the international organizations concerned, without the relevant dispute settlement bodies, not only do not allow the internationally wrongful act to be punished accordingly, The rights and interests of the injured party are not reasonably protected, and the international wrongful act of an international organization is found difficult in practice. This series of problems requires the concerted efforts of the international community to come up with generally acceptable solutions, whether by formulating uniform rules governing the conduct of international organizations, or by analysing and applying them on the basis of the jurisprudence of the international community, All need to be universally accepted by the international community to give the solution universal applicability and legally binding. The question of the distribution of responsibility between international organizations and their members is a question that must be understood when discussing the question of international responsibility of an international organization, which is diverse, whose purpose, membership, function, etc., are not the same, The relationship between international organizations and their members naturally varies according to international organizations. The complicated relationship between international organizations and their members brings many challenges to the study of international responsibility sharing. Different scholars have different attitudes as to whether members of international organizations should share the international responsibility of international organizations, what is the mode of assuming responsibility, and how to do so.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C912.2;D99

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