論戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)法上指揮官刑事責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-01 19:25
本文選題:指揮官刑事責(zé)任 切入點(diǎn):上下級(jí)關(guān)系 出處:《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:根據(jù)國(guó)際法中關(guān)于指揮官責(zé)任的理論,一個(gè)上級(jí)在其部下實(shí)施了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪、反人道罪、或種族滅絕罪等國(guó)際犯罪行為時(shí),如果知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道其部下正在或?qū)⒁獙?shí)施這些罪行而沒有采取合理、必要措施來(lái)阻止或懲罰該犯罪者,則不能免除該上級(jí)的刑事責(zé)任。本文將主要論述指揮官責(zé)任原理的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及其特點(diǎn),并重點(diǎn)結(jié)合各法庭所判決的案例,分析其構(gòu)成要件的演進(jìn)過(guò)程。最后筆者還將提出自己對(duì)這一理論的幾點(diǎn)看法,以期引起廣大學(xué)者專家的共鳴。 由于本文將主要從其構(gòu)成要件出發(fā)進(jìn)行論述,因此,本文的結(jié)構(gòu)將主要以指揮官責(zé)任理論的三個(gè)構(gòu)成要件來(lái)進(jìn)行章節(jié)的劃分。第一章主要是介紹這一理論的基本概況,包括其法律依據(jù)以及幾個(gè)確定的構(gòu)成要件。第二章、第三章和第四章則是分別從每個(gè)要件出發(fā),從理論和法庭審判實(shí)踐來(lái)分析其構(gòu)成的合理性。 追究指揮官的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)責(zé)任,必須從指揮官的身份性,指揮官的主觀狀態(tài)以及指揮官不作為三個(gè)層次予以分析定罪。首先必須證明該指揮官有實(shí)際權(quán)力,,能夠有效控制其下屬的行為,即與下屬士兵存在上下級(jí)關(guān)系;其次,要認(rèn)定該指揮官在主觀狀態(tài)上是知道,或者依據(jù)其他信息能夠推斷其應(yīng)當(dāng)知道犯罪的發(fā)生;最后,證明該指揮官?zèng)]有采取必要而合理的措施,去阻止犯罪的發(fā)生或者懲罰已經(jīng)發(fā)生的犯罪行為。滿足上述三個(gè)層次的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),方能夠認(rèn)定指揮官具有指揮官責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:In the light of the theory of commander ' s responsibility in international law , when a superior conducts international crimes such as war crimes , crimes against humanity , or genocide , if it is known or ought to know that they are or are going to commit these crimes without reasonable and necessary measures to prevent or punish the perpetrators , this article will mainly discuss the generation , development and characteristics of the principle of commander ' s responsibility .
Chapter one is mainly about the basic situation of this theory , including its legal basis and the elements of the elements .
The commander ' s war responsibility must be analysed and convicted from the commander ' s identity , the commander ' s subjective state and the commander ' s inaction as three levels . First , it must be proved that the commander has the actual power to effectively control the behaviour of his subordinates , namely , the presence of subordinate relations with subordinate soldiers ;
Secondly , it is determined that the commander is in the subjective state , or can deduce that it should know the occurrence of the crime on the basis of other information ;
Finally , it is proved that the commander has not taken the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent the occurrence of the crime or to punish the criminal acts that have occurred . The criteria for the determination of the above three levels can be met , and the party can determine that the commander has the commander ' s responsibility .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:D995
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