本文選題：反傾銷　切入點(diǎn)：公平價(jià)格　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：從2008年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)到后來的歐債危機(jī)以來,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期處于低迷狀態(tài),其國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)和需求快速萎縮,美國(guó)企業(yè)一直面臨著爭(zhēng)奪國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)的雙重壓力。為扶持和保護(hù)本國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè),美國(guó)又一次密集的使用了反傾銷這一貿(mào)易保護(hù)措施。這使得正逐漸成為世界貿(mào)易首要大國(guó)的中國(guó)深受其害。公平價(jià)格是反傾銷法律制度中十分重要的概念,它是決定一國(guó)的產(chǎn)品出口到另一國(guó)是否構(gòu)成傾銷的基本價(jià)格。公平價(jià)格是出口國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上在正常貿(mào)易過程中,能夠反映某一相似產(chǎn)品成本要素的,確定傾銷是否存在的可比價(jià)格,即確定公平價(jià)格的可比價(jià)格必須反映成本。與此同時(shí),對(duì)于中國(guó)來說,另一不可回避的話題是非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則問題。非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則話題起源于基本貿(mào)易待遇和反傾銷問題的處理,是對(duì)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家采取的一種歧視性做法。 為保證國(guó)際貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展,規(guī)范各國(guó)的反傾銷措施,世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)對(duì)公平價(jià)格確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定,進(jìn)而各國(guó)在WTO統(tǒng)一的框架內(nèi)制定了相應(yīng)的國(guó)內(nèi)反傾銷法。但是,WTO的規(guī)定是以市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件為基礎(chǔ)的,而針對(duì)非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家的被訴產(chǎn)品的公平價(jià)格的確定并未做出統(tǒng)一的規(guī)定。因而,給各國(guó)留下了廣泛的自由裁量權(quán)。 本文主要有三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。在第一部分中,筆者對(duì)非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則進(jìn)行了闡述。WTO以及歐美對(duì)于非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則均有其自身的規(guī)定和要求,通過對(duì)他們的分析,能夠明確非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則的由來及其之間存在的共同點(diǎn)和差異性。對(duì)于本文的重點(diǎn),美國(guó)的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則,及其公平價(jià)格確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將在第二部分進(jìn)行論述。該部分中,筆者將對(duì)替代國(guó)制度、單獨(dú)稅率的申請(qǐng)以及市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向測(cè)試的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行說明。最后,本文的第三部分將基于對(duì)美國(guó)的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品公平價(jià)格的計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及特殊規(guī)定的分析,從政府以及企業(yè)兩個(gè)維度對(duì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)的反傾銷調(diào)查提出策略建議。 概而言之,本文通過對(duì)美國(guó)的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則及其在對(duì)華反傾銷調(diào)查中的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則的適用的分析,探究其對(duì)華反傾銷調(diào)查中所采取的一系列不公平的歧視性規(guī)則,包括替代國(guó)制度、單獨(dú)稅率和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向測(cè)試等問題。最終的落腳點(diǎn)是,能夠充分理解美國(guó)的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則,進(jìn)而使得中國(guó)政府和企業(yè)在面臨美國(guó)的對(duì)華反傾銷調(diào)查時(shí)能夠見招拆招,充分利用規(guī)則中的特殊規(guī)定避免和爭(zhēng)取取得有利于調(diào)查企業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)的最終反傾銷裁定。
[Abstract]:Since the global economic crisis in 2008 and the European debt crisis later, the United States economy has been in a state of depression for a long time, and its domestic and foreign markets and demand have shrunk rapidly. American companies have been under double pressure to compete for domestic and foreign markets. In order to support and protect their industries, Once again, the United States has intensively used anti-dumping, a trade protection measure. This has made China, which is gradually becoming the world's leading trading power, suffer greatly. Fair price is a very important concept in the anti-dumping legal system. It is the basic price that determines whether the export of one country's products to another country constitutes dumping. Fair price is a factor that can reflect the cost of a similar product in the normal trade process in the domestic market of the exporting country. To determine the comparable price of dumping, that is, to determine the comparable price of a fair price, must reflect the cost. At the same time, for China, Another unavoidable topic is the issue of non-market economy rules, which originates from the treatment of basic trade treatment and anti-dumping, and is a discriminatory approach to socialist countries. In order to ensure the healthy development of international trade and standardize the anti-dumping measures of various countries, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made detailed provisions on the criteria for setting fair prices. Then each country formulates the corresponding domestic antidumping law within the framework of the unification of the WTO, but its provisions are based on the conditions of the market economy. However, the determination of the fair price of the products sued in the non-market economy countries has not made a unified regulation, thus leaving a wide range of discretion to the countries. In the first part, the author expounds the rules of non-market economy. The WTO and Europe and the United States have their own regulations and requirements for the rules of non-market economy. To be able to clarify the origin of the non-market economy rules and their common ground and differences. For the focus of this article, the United States' non-market economy rules and their fair price determination criteria will be discussed in the second part. The author will explain the surrogate country system, the application of individual tax rate, the specific criteria and practical experience of market orientation test. In the third part of this paper, based on the analysis of the standard and special regulation of the fair price of products in the non-market economy countries of the United States, some suggestions on how to deal with the anti-dumping investigation of the United States are put forward from the two dimensions of government and enterprise. In general, this paper analyzes the application of the non-market economy rules of the United States and the non-market economy rules in the anti-dumping investigation against China, and probes into a series of unfair and discriminatory rules adopted in the anti-dumping investigation against China. Including the surrogate country system, individual tax rates and market-oriented tests. The ultimate goal is to be able to fully understand the non-market economy rules of the United States. Therefore, the Chinese government and enterprises can make full use of the special provisions of the rules to avoid and strive for the final anti-dumping ruling in favor of the investigation enterprises and industries in the face of the United States anti-dumping investigation against China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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