略論瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓之責(zé)任承擔(dān)
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-28 18:42
【摘要】：盡管各國立法對公司出資人的出資責(zé)任作出了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定,但在實踐中瑕疵出資仍是頗為普遍的現(xiàn)象。出資瑕疵的存在,直接導(dǎo)致瑕疵股權(quán)的產(chǎn)生,進(jìn)而形成了瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。近年來,由瑕疵出資引發(fā)的瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓糾紛在實踐中不斷涌現(xiàn),但是現(xiàn)行法律尚未予以明確規(guī)定。同時,公司法理論研究更多側(cè)重于股東的瑕疵出資責(zé)任,也缺乏這方面系統(tǒng)性的論述。本文以一般意義上的有限責(zé)任公司為考察對象,將瑕疵股權(quán)限定為瑕疵出資引發(fā)的股權(quán),以保護(hù)和平衡股東、公司及其債權(quán)人利益等相關(guān)利益人為出發(fā)點,對公司瑕疵股權(quán)的產(chǎn)生、瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力以及法律責(zé)任的承擔(dān)方式進(jìn)行了探討,并提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法和建議。 全文除引言和結(jié)語部分外,共分為四個部分,內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下： 第一部分,首先介紹了瑕疵股權(quán)的概念。從瑕疵、股權(quán)和出資瑕疵基本概念的界定上,繼而得出瑕疵股權(quán)的廣義和狹義的界定。其次,探討了瑕疵股權(quán)的形成原因即瑕疵出資的具體形態(tài),包括學(xué)理上的分類和現(xiàn)行的法律規(guī)定。 第二部分,首先,探討了出資瑕疵股東的股東資格問題,通過對出資、股東資格、股東權(quán)這三個概念的分析,我們可以得出結(jié)論,即瑕疵出資者仍擁有股東資格,享有股東權(quán)利,只不過這種權(quán)利因出資瑕疵而帶有法律上的瑕疵。其次,其所享有的股權(quán)并不因出資瑕疵因素而喪失其可轉(zhuǎn)讓性,即瑕疵股權(quán)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓,并闡述了相應(yīng)的理由。 第三部分,首先簡單介紹了關(guān)于瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓效力的不同學(xué)說——絕對無效說、絕對有效說、可撤銷說和區(qū)別說。其次,判斷瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同效力的基本原則,然后綜合地評述了各個學(xué)說的優(yōu)缺點,進(jìn)而結(jié)合認(rèn)定瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓效力的原則和思路,提出了本文的見解。然后分析出資瑕疵和當(dāng)事人意思表示中的欺詐是否對瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力的影響。最后,更具體的分析了在欺詐成立轉(zhuǎn)為可撤銷合同時的欺詐事由的舉證責(zé)任、撤銷權(quán)的行使及瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同被撤銷的法律后果。 第四部分,首先,闡述了判斷瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓后瑕疵出資責(zé)任承擔(dān)的基本原則,其次又分析了瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓糾紛的責(zé)任類型,緊接著三個部分分別探討了瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同中轉(zhuǎn)讓人和受讓人在合同的效力不同情況的認(rèn)定下,對于守約股東、公司、公司債權(quán)人承擔(dān)的責(zé)任分析,以及雙方當(dāng)事人之間的最終后續(xù)責(zé)任分擔(dān)和追償問題,其中,在對公司債權(quán)人承擔(dān)的責(zé)任上,筆者提出自己的見解,即在善意受讓人主張撤銷瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同之時要區(qū)分是先債權(quán)人還是后債權(quán)人來對其承擔(dān)不同的責(zé)任。最后,闡述了相關(guān)責(zé)任的訴訟時效及起算點。
[Abstract]:Although the legislation of various countries makes strict regulations on the liability of corporate investors, it is still a common phenomenon in practice. The existence of defective capital contribution leads directly to the production of defective equity, and then forms the material basis of the transfer of defective equity. In recent years, disputes over the transfer of defective shares caused by defective capital contribution have been emerging in practice, but the current law has not been clearly stipulated. At the same time, the theory of company law focuses more on the liability of shareholders' defective capital contribution, but also lacks of systematic discussion in this respect. This article regards the limited liability company in the general sense as the object of investigation, limits the defective stock right to the stock right caused by the defective capital contribution, and takes the protection and balance of the shareholders, the company and its creditors as the starting point. This paper probes into the emergence of defective stock right, the validity of the transfer of defective stock right and the way to assume legal responsibility, and puts forward some corresponding solutions and suggestions. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts. The content structure is arranged as follows: the first part introduces the concept of defective equity. From the basic definition of defect, equity and investment defect, the broad and narrow definition of defective equity is obtained. Secondly, it discusses the formation of defective equity, that is, the specific form of defective investment, including the theoretical classification and current legal provisions. The second part, first of all, discusses the shareholder qualification of defective shareholders. Through the analysis of the three concepts of capital contribution, shareholder qualification and shareholder right, we can draw a conclusion that the defective investor still has shareholder qualification. Enjoy shareholder rights, but these rights are legally flawed due to defective contributions. Secondly, it does not lose its transferability because of the defect of capital contribution, that is, the defective equity can be transferred, and explains the corresponding reasons. In the third part, the author briefly introduces the different theories about the validity of the transfer of defective shares-the theory of absolute invalidity, the theory of absolute validity, the theory of revocability and the theory of distinction. Secondly, the basic principles of judging the validity of defective equity transfer contract are given, and then the merits and demerits of each theory are comprehensively reviewed, and then the views of this paper are put forward in combination with the principles and ideas of recognizing the validity of defective equity transfer. Then it analyzes whether the defect of capital contribution and the fraud in the expression of the party's will affect the validity of the transfer of defective shares. Finally, the author analyzes the burden of proof of fraud, the exercise of cancellation right and the legal consequences of the cancellation of the defective equity transfer contract when the fraud is formed into a revocable contract. The fourth part, first of all, expounds the basic principles of the responsibility of defective contribution after judging the transfer of defective shares, and then analyzes the liability types of the disputes over the transfer of defective shares. In the following three parts, the author discusses separately the liability of the corporate creditors and the corporate creditors under the different conditions of the validity of the contract, the transferor and the transferee in the defective equity transfer contract. And the issue of the ultimate subsequent liability sharing and recovery between the two parties, among which, the author puts forward his own opinion on the liability to the creditors of the company. That is to say, when the bona fide transferee claims to rescind the defective equity transfer contract, it is necessary to distinguish the prior creditor from the later creditor to bear different responsibilities for it. Finally, the limitation and starting point of related liability are expounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91
本文編號：2394290
[Abstract]:Although the legislation of various countries makes strict regulations on the liability of corporate investors, it is still a common phenomenon in practice. The existence of defective capital contribution leads directly to the production of defective equity, and then forms the material basis of the transfer of defective equity. In recent years, disputes over the transfer of defective shares caused by defective capital contribution have been emerging in practice, but the current law has not been clearly stipulated. At the same time, the theory of company law focuses more on the liability of shareholders' defective capital contribution, but also lacks of systematic discussion in this respect. This article regards the limited liability company in the general sense as the object of investigation, limits the defective stock right to the stock right caused by the defective capital contribution, and takes the protection and balance of the shareholders, the company and its creditors as the starting point. This paper probes into the emergence of defective stock right, the validity of the transfer of defective stock right and the way to assume legal responsibility, and puts forward some corresponding solutions and suggestions. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts. The content structure is arranged as follows: the first part introduces the concept of defective equity. From the basic definition of defect, equity and investment defect, the broad and narrow definition of defective equity is obtained. Secondly, it discusses the formation of defective equity, that is, the specific form of defective investment, including the theoretical classification and current legal provisions. The second part, first of all, discusses the shareholder qualification of defective shareholders. Through the analysis of the three concepts of capital contribution, shareholder qualification and shareholder right, we can draw a conclusion that the defective investor still has shareholder qualification. Enjoy shareholder rights, but these rights are legally flawed due to defective contributions. Secondly, it does not lose its transferability because of the defect of capital contribution, that is, the defective equity can be transferred, and explains the corresponding reasons. In the third part, the author briefly introduces the different theories about the validity of the transfer of defective shares-the theory of absolute invalidity, the theory of absolute validity, the theory of revocability and the theory of distinction. Secondly, the basic principles of judging the validity of defective equity transfer contract are given, and then the merits and demerits of each theory are comprehensively reviewed, and then the views of this paper are put forward in combination with the principles and ideas of recognizing the validity of defective equity transfer. Then it analyzes whether the defect of capital contribution and the fraud in the expression of the party's will affect the validity of the transfer of defective shares. Finally, the author analyzes the burden of proof of fraud, the exercise of cancellation right and the legal consequences of the cancellation of the defective equity transfer contract when the fraud is formed into a revocable contract. The fourth part, first of all, expounds the basic principles of the responsibility of defective contribution after judging the transfer of defective shares, and then analyzes the liability types of the disputes over the transfer of defective shares. In the following three parts, the author discusses separately the liability of the corporate creditors and the corporate creditors under the different conditions of the validity of the contract, the transferor and the transferee in the defective equity transfer contract. And the issue of the ultimate subsequent liability sharing and recovery between the two parties, among which, the author puts forward his own opinion on the liability to the creditors of the company. That is to say, when the bona fide transferee claims to rescind the defective equity transfer contract, it is necessary to distinguish the prior creditor from the later creditor to bear different responsibilities for it. Finally, the limitation and starting point of related liability are expounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91
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